This blog is written as a task assigned by the head of the Department of English (MKBU), Prof. and Dr. Dilip Barad Sir. Here is the link to the professor's blog for background reading: Click here.
Here is the link to the blog: Click here.
Video : 1 : About the Author
Kazuo Ishiguro’s novel An Artist of the Floating World offers a profound meditation on memory, identity, and cultural transformation. Ishiguro, a Japanese-born British novelist, is known for his evocative narratives that explore themes of personal regret, nostalgia, and the reconciliation between past and present. His works often feature unreliable narrators, adding layers of complexity to his storytelling and challenging the reader’s perception of truth.
In An Artist of the Floating World, Ishiguro masterfully examines post-war Japan through the lens of Masuji Ono, an aging artist reflecting on his past choices. The novel delves into the psychological and moral struggles of a man coming to terms with his role in a shifting society. Through Ono’s introspection, Ishiguro crafts a narrative that is as much about the individual as it is about the collective experience of a nation grappling with its history. The discussion of this novel brings forth significant literary and thematic elements, offering insights into Ishiguro’s broader contributions to literature.
Highlights
Kazuo Ishiguro’s Unique Perspective: Born in Nagasaki and raised in Britain, Ishiguro’s bicultural upbringing deeply informs his narratives, allowing him to weave themes of displacement, memory, and cultural identity with striking authenticity.
Themes of Regret and Optimism: His narratives frequently juxtapose sorrow and hope, portraying protagonists who grapple with past decisions while seeking redemption or solace.
Unreliable Narration: Ishiguro often employs unreliable narrators, compelling readers to question the authenticity of the protagonist’s recollections and reassess the narrative’s deeper truths.
Cultural Uprooting: His exploration of identity and belonging resonates with readers who have experienced cultural transitions or personal dislocation.
Insider vs. Outsider Perspectives: Ishiguro’s unique vantage point as both an insider and outsider of Japanese culture allows him to offer nuanced perspectives on its traditions, values, and historical shifts.
Nobel Prize Recognition: His literary achievements were honored with the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2017, cementing his status as one of the most influential contemporary authors.
Comparative Literature: Ishiguro’s works invite comparisons with other diaspora writers, highlighting shared themes of nostalgia, displacement, and the intersection of personal and national histories.
Key Insights
Cultural Reflection through Nostalgia
Ishiguro’s works are imbued with a sense of nostalgia, a theme that resonates strongly in An Artist of the Floating World. The protagonist, Masuji Ono, reflects on his past as a nationalist artist who once believed in the imperialistic ideals of Japan. As the country undergoes rapid modernization after World War II, Ono finds himself increasingly alienated from the younger generation, who view his past allegiances with skepticism or disdain.
This theme extends beyond individual experience and serves as a commentary on Japan’s transformation. Ishiguro’s treatment of nostalgia is neither romanticized nor entirely critical; instead, it presents a layered perspective where memories are both a source of comfort and conflict. The novel questions how individuals and societies reconcile their histories, prompting readers to examine their own relationship with the past.
The Role of the Unreliable Narrator
Masuji Ono’s narration in An Artist of the Floating World is characterized by ambiguity and self-justification. He frequently reassures himself that his past actions were honorable, yet contradictions in his recollections suggest an underlying discomfort. The unreliable narrator technique invites readers to engage critically with the text, piecing together the truth from subtle discrepancies.
By employing this narrative style, Ishiguro highlights the malleability of memory and the ways in which individuals reconstruct their pasts to align with their self-perceptions. Ono’s reluctance to fully acknowledge his past complicity mirrors broader societal tendencies to reshape historical narratives, making the novel a poignant reflection on collective memory.
Exploring the Immigrant Experience
Although An Artist of the Floating World is set in Japan, its themes extend to the broader immigrant experience. Ishiguro, having grown up in Britain while maintaining a deep connection to his Japanese heritage, infuses his work with a sense of cultural liminality. This dual perspective allows him to examine themes of belonging, alienation, and identity through a nuanced lens.
For immigrants and individuals navigating multiple cultural identities, Ishiguro’s novels resonate deeply. They capture the tension between nostalgia for one’s homeland and the inevitable changes that time and distance bring. An Artist of the Floating World serves as a meditation on this dissonance, exploring how personal and national identities evolve over time.
Literary Techniques and Style
Ishiguro’s writing style is marked by restraint and subtlety. Rather than employing dramatic revelations, he constructs narratives that unfold gradually, allowing emotions and themes to simmer beneath the surface. His prose is deceptively simple, yet it conveys deep psychological and emotional complexity.
The use of understatement in An Artist of the Floating World enhances the novel’s introspective quality. Ono’s reflections, though seemingly calm and measured, reveal undercurrents of regret and disillusionment. This technique aligns with Ishiguro’s broader literary approach, where the most profound realizations often emerge from what is left unsaid rather than what is explicitly stated.
The Intersection of Art and Identity
The novel raises important questions about the role of art in shaping cultural and political landscapes. Ono, once a celebrated artist, must reckon with the fact that his work contributed to the nationalist propaganda of wartime Japan. His struggle reflects a broader conversation about artistic responsibility and the ethical dimensions of creative expression.
Ishiguro prompts readers to consider how artists engage with political and social movements, whether consciously or unconsciously. Ono’s attempts to distance himself from his past work highlight the shifting nature of artistic reputation and the difficulty of separating one’s creative contributions from historical context.
The Illusion of Connection
One of Ishiguro’s recurring themes is the illusion of connection—how characters perceive their relationships versus the reality of those bonds. In An Artist of the Floating World, Ono believes he maintains a position of respect and influence within his community, yet the attitudes of his family and acquaintances suggest otherwise.
This exploration of interpersonal distance resonates with contemporary audiences, particularly in an era where digital communication often replaces deeper, more meaningful interactions. Ishiguro’s portrayal of isolation, even in seemingly close relationships, underscores the fragility of human connection.
Diaspora Literature and Cultural Commentary
As a writer with roots in Japan and a literary career established in Britain, Ishiguro occupies a unique space within diaspora literature. His works do not fit neatly into national literary traditions but rather exist at the intersection of cultures. This positioning allows him to offer fresh perspectives on historical and cultural narratives, making his novels particularly valuable in the study of postcolonial and transnational literature.
Ishiguro’s engagement with themes of displacement, historical accountability, and cultural identity places him in conversation with other prominent writers of the diaspora, such as Salman Rushdie, Jhumpa Lahiri, and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. His ability to navigate these themes with nuance and subtlety contributes significantly to contemporary literary discourse.
Conclusion
Kazuo Ishiguro’s An Artist of the Floating World stands as a deeply introspective work that explores themes of memory, identity, and societal change. Through the use of an unreliable narrator, Ishiguro challenges readers to question the nature of truth and the ways in which history is constructed and reconstructed. His exploration of nostalgia, artistic responsibility, and the illusion of connection makes the novel a compelling study of both personal and national identity.
By situating An Artist of the Floating World within the broader context of diaspora literature and cultural reflection, Ishiguro enriches the conversation on how literature can bridge historical and cultural divides. His ability to weave together personal narratives with larger societal shifts ensures that his work remains relevant across generations, prompting readers to reflect on their own relationships with the past, their identities, and the shifting landscapes of cultural memory.
Video : 2 :Title Explained
The narrative presented in this discussion weaves together multiple complex themes, focusing on the intricate relationship between nationalism, art, and the lasting impact of wars, particularly the Second World War. It begins with an introduction that sets the stage for a thought-provoking examination of how art and history intersect in shaping cultural and political consciousness. The story unfolds through the perspective of Suji, a character who revisits his childhood memories while grappling with the transformations brought about by socio-political upheavals. His reflections serve as a means of exploring the broader historical forces at play, illustrating how personal experiences are often deeply entwined with national and global events.
As the discussion progresses, it delves into the role of artists and their work in shaping public sentiment and cultural identity. The contributions of various artists are highlighted, shedding light on how their creative expressions transcend individual experiences to comment on larger historical and political movements. Art is not merely an aesthetic pursuit but a force that carries the weight of history, capable of influencing both collective memory and contemporary discourse. In this regard, the discussion underscores the power of artistic expression in resisting imperialism, critiquing nationalism, and navigating personal and societal transformations.
A significant portion of the discussion is dedicated to the moral dilemmas faced by both political leaders and ordinary citizens during times of war and turmoil. It questions the responsibilities of those in power, highlighting how their decisions can either alleviate or exacerbate the suffering of the people they govern. The emotional toll of war is brought into focus, particularly the devastating consequences for innocent civilians caught in conflicts they did not choose. The discussion also examines how individuals, particularly those in the arts, struggle to reconcile their personal beliefs with the demands imposed upon them by society, leading to intense internal conflicts.
The conversation reaches a powerful conclusion, emphasizing the necessity of self-reflection and social responsibility. It urges individuals to recognize their role in shaping cultural narratives, whether through art, activism, or everyday choices. The message is clear: history is not just something to be studied but something to be actively engaged with, as the past continues to inform and shape the present.
Highlights
Art as a Reflection of History and Society
Art is portrayed as more than a medium of personal expression; it serves as a historical record and a reflection of society’s collective consciousness. The discussion explores how artists respond to political and social upheavals, using their work to comment on the injustices and struggles of their time. Through their paintings, literature, music, and other creative forms, artists document the emotional and psychological impact of historical events, preserving narratives that might otherwise be forgotten.
The Psychological and Cultural Impact of War
The discussion provides a deeply human perspective on the consequences of war, emphasizing how conflicts shape national identities and personal experiences. It examines the ways in which wars disrupt communities, leaving lasting scars on those who survive. Beyond the physical destruction, wars alter the way individuals perceive their place in the world, often fostering a sense of loss, displacement, or disillusionment. The conversation also highlights how historical narratives of war are constructed, questioning whether the dominant perspectives accurately capture the lived realities of those affected.
Artists as Agents of Change
The role of artists in shaping public consciousness is explored in depth, emphasizing how their work challenges prevailing ideologies and sparks critical conversations. Art has historically been a tool of resistance against oppression, serving as a platform for marginalized voices and a means of advocating for justice. However, artists themselves often face significant challenges, including censorship, societal expectations, and personal conflicts regarding their role in political discourse. The discussion highlights examples of artists who have used their work to provoke thought, inspire action, and document resistance movements.
The Paradox of Nationalism
Nationalism is examined from multiple angles, revealing its dual nature as both a unifying force and a source of division. While nationalism can foster a sense of belonging and cultural pride, it can also be manipulated to justify exclusionary policies, imperialist ambitions, and aggressive military actions. The discussion questions how nationalist sentiments shape historical narratives, asking whether the glorification of national achievements sometimes comes at the cost of ignoring past injustices. By presenting multiple perspectives, the conversation challenges the audience to consider nationalism's role in shaping both personal and collective identities.
The Ongoing Influence of Imperialism
The discussion extends beyond historical events to explore the lingering effects of imperialism in contemporary societies. It highlights how the legacies of colonial rule continue to influence political structures, cultural identities, and economic disparities. By analyzing the ways in which imperialist ideologies have been internalized or resisted over time, the conversation provides a nuanced perspective on how history continues to shape the modern world. The impact of imperialism is not confined to the past; it remains an active force in shaping power dynamics and societal structures.
The Responsibility of Political Leaders and Citizens
A crucial aspect of the discussion is the examination of political responsibility. Leaders are portrayed as figures who hold immense power over the direction of history, but their actions are not independent of the will of the people. The discussion suggests that both leadership and citizenship come with ethical responsibilities, emphasizing the need for critical engagement with political narratives and decisions. It challenges individuals to reflect on their roles within society, questioning whether passive acceptance of historical and political narratives is enough or whether active participation is necessary for meaningful change.
The Personal Struggles of Artists and Intellectuals
The discussion sheds light on the personal challenges faced by those who engage in artistic or intellectual pursuits, particularly when their work confronts difficult truths. The expectations placed upon artists—whether by their communities, governments, or personal convictions—can create immense pressure, sometimes leading to emotional distress or creative struggles. The conversation highlights the need to acknowledge and support the mental well-being of artists, recognizing that their work is not only a product of talent but also of deep personal and social engagement.
Key Insights
- Art is a form of historical testimony, preserving the voices and experiences of those who might otherwise be forgotten.
- War has profound psychological and cultural consequences that extend beyond the battlefield, shaping identities and historical narratives for generations.
- Artists serve as both witnesses and critics of their societies, using their work to question, document, and inspire change.
- Nationalism can be a source of pride but also a tool of division, depending on how it is wielded and interpreted.
- The effects of imperialism persist in contemporary societies, influencing politics, culture, and economic disparities.
- Political leaders and citizens share a mutual responsibility in shaping ethical and just societies.
- The emotional and psychological struggles of artists should not be overlooked, as their creative work often comes at a personal cost.
Conclusion
The discussion offers a profound examination of how history, politics, and art are deeply interconnected. It emphasizes that the past is not a distant reality but a living influence on the present, shaping the way individuals and societies understand themselves. Through the lens of artistic expression, historical reflection, and political critique, the conversation challenges audiences to reconsider the narratives they accept and the roles they play in shaping cultural and historical discourse.
Ultimately, the message is one of active engagement with history, culture, and societal responsibility. It urges individuals not to be passive observers but conscious participants in shaping a more just and reflective world. By recognizing the power of art, questioning the implications of nationalism, and acknowledging the lasting impact of imperialism, individuals can contribute to a more nuanced understanding of history and a more compassionate society.
Video : 3 :Characters and Narrative Strategy
In this comprehensive discussion, the speaker delves into Kazuo Ishiguro's novel An Artist of the Floating World, focusing on its characters, plot summary, and narrative strategy. The central character, Masuji Ono, serves as both the protagonist and narrator, providing a first-person perspective that highlights the complexities of his life as an artist and the unreliable nature of his storytelling. Throughout the novel, Ono's past as a nationalist painter who supported the war effort during World War II is juxtaposed with his present struggles for acceptance in post-war Japan. The discussion also explores the relationships between Ono and his family, particularly his daughters, and highlights the influence of cultural shifts, including the growing Americanization of Japan. The speaker emphasizes the novel's exploration of memory, regret, and the moral responsibilities of artists, offering a rich understanding of Ishiguro’s intricate narrative style.
Highlights
Masuji Ono as a Protagonist: The novel presents Masuji Ono as a complex figure, navigating the tension between his past as an artist who contributed to nationalist propaganda and his present attempts to reconcile with post-war societal changes. His perspective offers insight into the struggles of an individual who once held influence but now faces the consequences of shifting ideologies.
Unreliable Narration: The first-person perspective creates doubt about the reliability of Ono's memories and self-perception, a characteristic feature of postmodern literature. His selective retelling of past events raises questions about how individuals justify or reshape their own histories to cope with regret.
Art and Nationalism: The novel explores the tension between art created for aesthetic pleasure, commercial purposes, and political agendas. Ono’s journey from painting the pleasures of the "floating world" to producing nationalist propaganda underscores the ways in which art can be co-opted to serve ideological ends.
Family Dynamics: The relationships between Ono and his daughters, particularly in relation to marriage and reputation, serve as a lens through which broader societal changes are examined. The generational divide reflects the tension between traditional Japanese values and the influence of Western ideas.
Cultural Shifts: The narrative highlights the impact of Americanization on Japanese youth, contrasting Ono’s adherence to traditional values with modern influences. His grandson Ichiro's fascination with Hollywood movies and Western cartoons exemplifies the broader cultural transformation taking place in post-war Japan.
Memory and Regret: The theme of revisiting the past is central to the novel, as Ono grapples with the consequences of his choices. His attempts to justify his actions reveal the struggle between personal pride and the need for reconciliation with a changing society.
Hope for the Future: Despite the weight of regret, the novel concludes with a subtle optimism, suggesting that the new generation in post-war Japan has the potential to move forward, free from the burdens of the past.
Key Insights
Complexity of Identity: Masuji Ono’s character is a study in contradictions, representing the struggle of an artist reconciling his past political affiliations with his present circumstances. His identity is shaped by his artistic endeavors as well as the broader historical context, illustrating how personal and national histories are deeply intertwined.
Narrative Technique: Ishiguro employs an unreliable narrator, compelling readers to question the truthfulness of Ono’s recollections. This technique deepens the narrative, as Ono often avoids or downplays critical moments in his life, reinforcing the theme of memory’s fallibility and the complexities of self-deception.
Art as a Double-Edged Sword: The novel presents art as both a means of personal expression and a tool of political propaganda. Ono’s transition from a painter of the "floating world" to an artist serving nationalistic agendas raises ethical questions about the role of art in society and the responsibility of artists in shaping public consciousness.
Intergenerational Conflict: The strained relationships between Ono and his daughters highlight the generational divide between traditional values and modern expectations. His daughter Setsuko’s concerns about family reputation and her sister Noriko’s marriage prospects underscore how the past continues to shape the family’s future.
Cultural Colonization: The reference to American influence through Ichiro’s interests in Western entertainment serves as a commentary on cultural colonization. This shift highlights the dissonance between Japan’s imperial past and its evolving identity, raising questions about how cultures adapt and change in response to global influences.
Consequences of Nationalism: Ono’s past as a supporter of the war effort is marked by regret, particularly following the loss of his son. This personal tragedy reflects the broader consequences of nationalism and imperialism, illustrating how individual lives can be profoundly affected by political decisions.
Resilience and Hope: The novel concludes with a sense of cautious optimism, as Ono acknowledges the potential for a better future. This ending encapsulates the theme of resilience amid regret, suggesting that while the past cannot be changed, the future remains open to new possibilities.
Conclusion
An Artist of the Floating World serves as a profound exploration of identity, memory, and the moral implications of art in the context of societal change. Ishiguro’s intricate narrative strategy and rich character development invite readers to engage deeply with themes of regret, responsibility, and the potential for redemption. The novel ultimately encourages reflection on how history is remembered, the role of art in shaping political ideologies, and the ways in which individuals reconcile their past with an evolving world.
Video : 4 :Thematic Study of the Novel
In this video session, the speaker explores the intricate themes in Kazuo Ishiguro's novel An Artist of the Floating World. The protagonist, Masuji Ono, undergoes a significant transformation in his artistic and ideological journey. Initially an artist of "the floating world," associated with pleasure and entertainment, he later embraces a more nationalistic role, believing his work serves a higher purpose in shaping Japan’s destiny. However, after the war, he faces societal rejection and personal disillusionment as Japan moves away from its imperialist past. The discussion highlights the novel's exploration of identity, unreliable narration, intergenerational conflict, and the political dimensions of art. The speaker also emphasizes the need to approach historical and personal narratives with skepticism, particularly in politically charged contexts.
Themes and Analytical Insights
The Duality of Artistic Identity
The novel presents a fundamental question: should art exist for its own sake, or should it serve a greater social or political cause? Ono initially embraces the latter, believing his work contributes to Japan’s national strength. However, in post-war Japan, his contributions are no longer celebrated but rather viewed as part of a misguided past. This raises ethical dilemmas about the responsibilities of artists and whether their work should be judged by its original intent or its historical consequences.
Unreliable Narration and the Complexity of Truth
Ono’s narrative is highly subjective, blending pride, self-justification, and selective memory. His shifting recollections of past events create ambiguity, making it difficult to determine the extent of his actual influence or responsibility. Ishiguro’s use of unreliable narration forces readers to question the accuracy of historical accounts and the ways individuals reconstruct their pasts to cope with guilt or regret.
Intergenerational Conflict and Cultural Transformation
A major tension in the novel arises from the generational divide between Ono and his children. While he once took pride in his wartime contributions, the younger generation—represented by his daughter Noriko and her fiancé’s family—seeks to distance itself from the imperialist ideology he once supported. This shift mirrors Japan’s own transformation from a militaristic empire to a more Western-influenced, democratic society. The novel thus explores how historical change affects personal relationships, particularly between parents and children.
Art as a Political Instrument
Ono’s artistic journey underscores the dual role of art as both an aesthetic expression and a means of political persuasion. His transition from creating pleasure-driven art to nationalist propaganda demonstrates how art can be co-opted for ideological purposes. The novel prompts reflection on whether artists can ever remain neutral or whether their work is inherently political.
The Psychological Burden of War and Guilt
Ono’s reflections on his past reveal deep-seated guilt and internal conflict. While he initially rationalizes his wartime actions, moments of hesitation in his narrative suggest suppressed regret. His struggle represents a broader societal reckoning, as post-war Japan must come to terms with its past without entirely discarding its cultural identity. Ishiguro highlights how memory, grief, and personal responsibility intertwine in the aftermath of historical upheaval.
The Role of Educators and Their Influence
The novel examines the teacher-student dynamic, particularly in the way artistic and ideological beliefs are passed down. Ono himself was shaped by his mentor, Mori-san, who believed in the autonomy of art. However, Ono later rejected this philosophy in favor of using art for nationalist purposes. This raises questions about the influence of educators and the ethical considerations involved in guiding students toward particular ideological paths.
Contemporary Relevance
The themes of nationalism, historical revisionism, and the role of art in shaping public discourse remain highly relevant today. The novel encourages readers to critically evaluate political narratives, the reliability of historical memory, and the responsibilities of individuals in shaping their cultural and national identities.
Conclusion
The session provides a nuanced exploration of An Artist of the Floating World, examining its layered themes and complex narrative techniques. By engaging with questions of artistic purpose, memory, guilt, and cultural transformation, Ishiguro presents a deeply introspective novel that resonates beyond its historical setting, prompting readers to reflect on the lasting impact of personal and national choices.
Video : 5 :Reading Important Passages from the Novel
This comprehensive session on Kazuo Ishiguro's An Artist of the Floating World examines the complexities of memory, artistic responsibility, and Japan’s post-war transformation. The speaker explores Masuji Ono as an unreliable narrator, revealing how his selective memory and self-justification shape the novel’s narrative. Structured into four sections, covering October 1948 to June 1950, the novel reflects Japan’s shifting cultural landscape after World War II. The discussion highlights how Ono addresses the reader as "you," positioning them as a confidant while simultaneously obscuring certain truths about his past. Through key excerpts, the speaker illustrates Ono’s relationships, his evolving artistic philosophy, and the broader implications of nationalism. The session ultimately raises questions about regret, the reliability of personal narratives, and the moral dilemmas surrounding artistic influence.
Highlights
Four-Part Structure: The novel’s division into four sections, spanning 1948 to 1950, reflects the passage of time and Japan’s evolving identity in the aftermath of war.
Unreliable Narrator: Ono’s narrative is filled with contradictions and omissions, forcing readers to question the accuracy of his recollections.
Reader Engagement through ‘You’: Ono’s frequent use of “you” invites readers into his reflections, creating an intimate but potentially manipulative dynamic.
Art and Nationalism: The novel explores the transformation of art from an aesthetic pursuit to a political tool, questioning the role of artists in shaping ideology.
Themes of Regret: Ono’s self-reflection exposes the weight of past choices, particularly regarding his role in wartime propaganda and personal betrayals.
Historical Reflection: The novel mirrors Japan’s post-war struggle to reconcile its imperial past with a new, modern identity.
Conflicting Perspectives: Ono’s interactions with younger generations highlight the generational divide, as his values clash with the shifting cultural and political landscape.
Key Insights
The Role of Memory and Truth
The novel’s unreliable narration forces readers to scrutinize Ono’s memories. His selective recollections raise important questions about how individuals shape their past to protect their self-image. Ishiguro uses this technique to illustrate how personal and national histories can be rewritten, intentionally or unconsciously, to align with current perspectives.
Art and Moral Responsibility
Ono’s journey from painting the pleasure-seeking “floating world” to producing nationalist propaganda demonstrates the ethical dilemmas artists face. The novel questions whether artists should be held accountable for how their work influences society, particularly in politically charged environments.
Post-War Generational Divide
The younger generation in An Artist of the Floating World represents a new Japan, eager to move past the imperialist ideology that Ono once embraced. This generational tension underscores the novel’s exploration of guilt, denial, and the struggle to redefine national identity.
Psychology of Regret and Self-Justification
While Ono acknowledges some of his past mistakes, his narrative is infused with rationalizations and a reluctance to fully confront his actions. Ishiguro captures the psychological complexity of regret, showing how people reconcile with their past while resisting total self-condemnation.
The Legacy of Influence
Ono’s influence on his students and the broader artistic community forces readers to consider how ideologies are transmitted and reinforced through education and mentorship. The novel suggests that those in positions of authority—whether artists, teachers, or political figures—must carefully consider the lasting impact of their guidance.
Conclusion
Through Masuji Ono’s unreliable perspective, Ishiguro crafts a meditation on memory, artistic responsibility, and the weight of historical change. An Artist of the Floating World not only examines post-war Japan’s shifting identity but also prompts broader reflections on how individuals come to terms with their past. The novel invites readers to question the nature of truth and the extent to which personal narratives shape, and are shaped by, history.
References :
Barad, Dilip. "About the Author." YouTube, uploaded by Dr. Dilip Barad,
Barad, Dilip. "Characters and Narrative Strategy." YouTube, uploaded by Dr. Dilip Barad,
Barad, Dilip. "Reading Important Passages from the Novel." YouTube, uploaded by Dr. Dilip
Barad, https://youtu.be/-WoqKO3hHlc.
Barad, Dilip. "Thematic Study of the Novel." YouTube, uploaded by Dr. Dilip Barad,
Barad, Dilip. "Title Explained." YouTube, uploaded by Dr. Dilip Barad,
---. “An Artist of the Floating World - Flipped Learning Activity Worksheet.” ResearchGate, Mar. 2025. ResearchGate, https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.32435.13609.
