NATIONAL SEMINAR - 2024

National Seminar on Convergence of AI, DH, and English Studies

The Department of English at Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University hosted the 'National Seminar on Convergence of AI, DH, and English Studies' on March 29, 2024. The seminar delved into the intersection of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Digital Humanities (DH), and English Studies, exploring topics such as:

1. How AI can help analyze literature
2.  Using Digital Humanities for studying texts
3. AI's role in teaching and learning language
4.  Considering ethical issues in AI and DH research

Keynote speakers of distinction were:

• Prof. (Dr.) Nigam Dave from Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar

• Dr. Richa Srishti from CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Lavasa

• Dr. Richa Mishra from Nirma University, Ahmedabad

• Dr. Shobha K. N. from the National Institute of Technical Teachers Training and Research (NITTTR), Chennai

Dilip Barad talked about how new ideas face resistance before being accepted, using Plato's words about truth and lies as an example. He also mentioned a story about a Greek god. Most of the seminar participants were girls, and he talked about the importance of empowering girls in digital literacy. 

1.Prof.Dr.Nigam Dave 

Topic  :"Value Neutrality of Deepfakes and Its Positive Implications."

Nigam Dave, shed light on the value neutrality of deepfakes and their positive implications. 

Dr. Dave delved into the definition of deepfakes, describing them as edited images, videos, or audio recordings that replace the original person with someone else, often a public figure, in a manner that appears authentic. He highlighted various terms associated with deepfakes, including digital avatars, AI image swaps, face swaps, cheap fakes, shallow fakes, and text fakes.

Expanding the discussion, he explored the concept of fake identities in literature, citing examples from stories like those of Chyavan Rushi. He also touched upon the prevalence of altered content in memes, body doubles, celebrity look-alikes, mimicry artists, singers mimicking known voices, and the existence of fake products in places like Chor Bazaar. Notable mentions included the holographic representation of Michael Jackson and historical resistance to new technologies.

However, Professor Dave also emphasized the positive aspects of deepfakes, such as the recreation of historical figures like Evil Prestey through rotoscoping and the emergence of synthetic literature generated by AI, exemplified by apps like Words by Words. He highlighted practical applications like synthetic voices for navigation and aiding individuals who have lost their ability to speak due to medical conditions.

Furthermore, he discussed innovative projects like Microsoft's Mr. Mix the Reality, which utilizes the HoloLens for blending virtual and real environments, and the rise of virtual influencers. Throughout his presentation, he referenced figures like Christopher Marlowe, Doctor Foster, Helen of Troy, and Sam Pitroda to provide context and depth to his arguments.

In summary, Professor Dave's discourse encouraged attendees to adopt a nuanced perspective on deepfakes, recognizing both their potential negative implications and the transformative possibilities they offer.

2.Dr.Richa Mishra

Topic: "Engaging with Digital Humanities Tools, Techniques, and Scope"

Dr. Richa Mishra, Her talk was all about how we engage with Digital Humanities, focusing on tools, techniques, and its scope.

She explained that Digital Humanities is basically about using digital data, visualization, interaction, context, and various methods to understand human culture and history. She mentioned some key figures in the field like father Busa, Willard McCarty, Franco Moretti, Johanna Drucker, and Lev Monoich.

The whole idea behind Digital Humanities is that it came about because academics wanted to explore how newly emerging digital technologies could enhance our understanding of human constructs, social relations, and what it means to be human.

Dr. Mishra emphasized that in Digital Humanities, details are like the new soil. It's where we plant our ideas and grow our understanding.

She talked about the traditional research flow, how we go from gathering materials to analyzing them, debating their significance, and then disseminating our findings.

Then she delved into techniques like text mining and analysis, data visualization, geospatial analysis, networking analysis, corpus linguistics, text encoding and markup, topic modeling, digital storytelling and narrative analysis, and data curation and preservation. These techniques help us make sense of vast amounts of digital information.

She also highlighted some tools that are commonly used in Digital Humanities, making it more accessible for researchers.

She shared examples of Digital Humanities in action, comparing it to a digital love story. One interesting reference she made was to the Verse by Verse App, showing how technology can enhance our understanding and appreciation of literature and culture.

3. Dr. Richa Shristi 

Topic: "The Role of AI in Creative Process: Rethinking Authorship " 

Dr. Richa Srishti , talked about how AI is changing the creative process and the concept of authorship. She discussed how AI can foster creativity, create art, and even write stories, raising ethical and legal concerns. She demonstrated human-AI collaborations in creating poetry and emphasized the importance of ethical considerations in using AI.

During her talk, Dr. Srishti showcased a picture and a story created by both humans and AI, highlighting the blurred lines between human and AI creativity. She raised questions about whether AI can truly replicate human creativity or if it's just imitation.

Dr. Srishti also discussed the impact of AI on literature, such as the rise of e-literature, democratization of publishing, and the blurring of genres. She pondered on the future of creativity, questioning if true originality and emotional depth can only be achieved by humans.

4.Dr. Shobha K. N. 

Topic: " AI for Teaching and Learning " 

Dr. Shobha K.N. explored AI's role in learning and teaching, questioning whether technology is accessible to everyone or just a select few. He referenced historical technological advancements like the printing press and typewriters and how they changed education. He mentioned figures like Benjamin S. Bloom, Sal Khan, and Sam Altman.

Dr. Shobha emphasized that AI education isn't just about technical skills but also about nurturing critical thinking and ethical considerations. He used sports examples to illustrate how technology has changed the way we learn and teach, ultimately advocating for responsible AI use in education.

NagaMandala Play and YouTube Play Review.

 Question:1

The setting and stage design in the YouTube adaptation of Girish Karnad's "Naga-Mandala" played a pivotal role in deepening my understanding of the narrative and its underlying themes. Immersing myself in the visual portrayal of the rustic Indian village where the story unfolds facilitated a more vivid exploration of the characters' lives and the challenges they faced.

The strategic utilization of lighting and sound effects in the YouTube rendition accentuated the magical realism woven throughout the narrative, thus rendering the themes more palpable and relatable to the audience.

Moreover, the staging decisions made notable thematic statements, particularly regarding the tension between tradition and modernity, thereby imbuing the story with added significance. Observing the characters' interactions with their surroundings served as a conduit for delving into the play's profound messages.

In summary, the setting and stage design enriched my interpretation of the original text's setting by furnishing a visual backdrop that enhanced comprehension of the story's intricacies and thematic depth. The YouTube adaptation proved to be an immersive and thought-provoking experience, elevating the narrative to new heights.

Question:2

"When comparing the YouTube play to the original text of Naga-Mandala, several notable distinctions emerge:

1. The character of Man exhibits a significant contrast. In the text, his awareness of impending death if he fails to awaken that night lends a sense of apprehension. Conversely, the YouTube adaptation omits this detail, portraying Man as devoid of worry.

2. Characters such as Flames (Flame-1, 2, 3, 4, and New Flame), Story, and Song are specifically mentioned in the text but are absent from the YouTube rendition.

3. Kurudavva's demeanor undergoes a transformation. While depicted as somewhat serious in the text, the YouTube portrayal presents her character with vivacity and excitement.

4. Kappana's name is altered to Kallu in the YouTube adaptation.

5. Notably, the text offers three distinct endings, whereas the YouTube play converges on a singular conclusion."

Question:3

1. Visual representation: Watching the YouTube play provided a tangible visualization of the characters, settings, and events described in the literary work, making it easier to comprehend the narrative and its nuances.

2. Emotional depth: Seeing the actors portray emotions such as fear, love, and despair added depth to the story, enhancing my understanding of the characters' motivations and internal struggles.

3. Cultural context: The visual elements of the play, including costumes, set design, and music, offered insights into the cultural context of the story, enriching my appreciation for its themes and symbolism.

4. Symbolism and imagery: Certain visual cues and staging choices may have highlighted symbolism and imagery that I might have overlooked while reading the text alone, deepening my understanding of the themes explored in "Nagamandala."

5. Spatial dynamics: Observing the interactions between characters within the physical space of the stage may have provided insights into power dynamics, social hierarchies, and relationships that are not as evident in the written text.

6. Interpretation of key scenes: Witnessing pivotal moments, such as the transformation of characters or the climax of the story, brought key themes and messages to life in a way that textual description alone may not have achieved.

7. Artistic interpretation: The director's creative choices in adapting the literary work for the stage may have offered unique perspectives on the story, prompting me to reconsider certain aspects of the narrative and its intended meanings.

8. Engagement with performance elements: Observing elements such as acting techniques, staging, and use of props and lighting may have deepened my understanding of how performance contributes to the interpretation and communication of a literary work.

Question:5

1. "Nagamandala" is a play about a woman named Rani who feels trapped in a loveless marriage.

2. She finds comfort in folk tales, especially one about a serpent king.

3. Rani performs a secret ritual with a snake figurine to express her desires.

4. Things get complicated when she's seduced by a cobra that takes her husband's form.

5. Rani becomes pregnant with the serpent's child, facing society's judgment.

6. The play explores the challenges women face in a male-dominated society.

7. It also looks at the consequences of giving in to desires.

8. Rani must find a way to break free from societal expectations.

9. "Nagamandala" blends old stories with modern issues.

10. It's a touching tale about love, longing, and the search for freedom.

મોતીચારો - ડૉ.આઈ.કે.વીજળીવાળા

                  મોતીચારો                      

 

ડૉ. વીજળીવાળાએ ઇન્ટરનેટના મહાસાગરની ખારાશમાંથી વીણેલા આ પ્રસંગો જાણે ઝીણા સાચા મોતીનું નકશીકામવાળું ઘરેણું હોય એવા સ્વરૂપે આપણને ભાવાનુવાદ કરીને આપ્યા છે. મેડિકલની માહિતી મેળવવા એમણે કરેલ સર્કિંગમાં જ્યાંથી દેખાયા ત્યાંથી એકઠા કરીને આ મોતીઓ આપણને ‘મોતીચારો” પુસ્તકના રૂપમાં આપ્યા છે. મહાસાગરનું મંથન કરીને જાણે કે જિવાડી આપે એવું અમૃત આપણને આપ્યું છે.આ પુસ્તકના પ્રસંગો દૈનિક જિવાતાં જીવન માટે દીવાદાંડી બનીને ધ્રુવતારકની જેમ જનસમાજને દોરે છે. 

આપવામાં આવેલ પ્રસંગો:

• ભગવાન સાથે વાતચીત
• પ્રાર્થના
• તમારી પેરેશૂટ કોણ પૅક કરે છે ખબર છે ?
• બાળકો અદ્ભુત ધર્મગુરુઓ !
• ભગવાનની કેક
• જો.... ... ...!
• એક કોડિયું..!
• ભગવાન સાથે ભોજન !
• જીમના મિત્ર ! !
• ત્યાં ભગવાન જરૂર હશે..!
• To Whom It May Concern : જેને લાગતુંવળગતું હોય તેને
• પુખ્ત અને મોટા હોવામાંથી મારું રાજીનામું !
• હું એટલું શીખ્યો છું કે....
• તમે જે લોકોને મળો છો...
• વિશ્વની સાત અજાયબીઓ
• કદાચ આવતી કાલની સવાર મારા વગર ઊગે..!
• પીળાં ગુલાબનાં ફૂલો
• અદ્ભુત શિક્ષિકા, અદ્ભુત યાદી !
• એક નાનકડા બાળકની ઑફર..!
• ચાલો એક ચિઠ્ઠી લખીએ, એક ફોન કરીએ!
• આગલી હરોળ
• દીવાલમાં ખીલો
• મદદની ચીસ સાંભળો. અથવા ઈંટના ઘા માટે તૈયાર રહો!
• રેતીમાં લખાણ !
• એક સાદી કસોટી
• સોનેરી બૉક્સ 
• પ્રેમ, મહાન પ્રેમ !
• સુંદર વૃદ્ધત્વ
• સ્વર્ગનો સ્ટોર !
• ૨૬ જાન્યુઆરી ૨૦૦૧, શુક્રવાર(ભુજ તેમજ અમદાવાદના ધરતીકંપનો ભયંકર દિવસ)
• ૧૧મી સપ્ટેમ્બર, જ્યારે વર્લ્ડ ટ્રેડ સેન્ટરનાં ટાવર્સ સાથે વિમાનો ટકરાયાં ત્યારે ભગવાન ક્યાં હતા?
• My spirit is Free!
• Don't dance so fast

મને ગમેલા પ્રસંગો:

તમારી પેરેશૂટ કોણ પૅક કરે છે ખબર છે ?:

આપણે આપણી જિંદગીમાં કેટકેટલી પેરેશૂટનો ઉપયોગ કરવો પડતો હોય છે તે ક્યારેય વિચારીએ છીએ ખરા? શારીરિક પેરેશૂટ, માનસિક પૅરેશૂટ, આધ્યાત્મિક પેરેશૂટ, લાગણીની પેરેશૂટ વગેરે કંઈકેટલીયે!! આ બધી પેરેશૂટો આપણા માટે પેક કરનારા સૌને આપણે જાણીએ પણ છીએ ખરા? એમનો ક્યારેય ખરા દિલથી આભાર માનીએ છીએ ખરા? આપણા કે બીજા કોઈના માટે પણ સારું કામ કરનારને આપણે અભિનંદન આપીએ છીએ ખરા? નથી લાગતું કે વ્યવહારના તાણાવાણાઓને થોડાક સરખી રીતે ગોઠવવાની જરૂર છે? તો ચાલો, આપણા રોજિંદા જીવનમાં એક વાતનું હંમેશાં ધ્યાન રાખતા રહીએ કે… ‘Who Packs Our Parachute?!! આપણી પૅરેશૂટ કોણ પેક કરે છે?!” 

હું એટલું શીખ્યો છું...

..કે….દુનિયાની ઉત્તમ નિશાળ એક વૃદ્ધ માણસના પગ પાસે હોય છે.

..કે.પ્રેમમાં પડી એટલે આંખ અને વર્તન બંને હંમેશાં એની ચાડી ખાય છે.

……કે ….તમે મારો દિવસ સુધારી દીધો — એવું મને કહેનાર હકીકતમાં મારો દિવસ સુધારી દે છે. ...કે ...આપણા ખોળામાં બાળક ઊંઘી જાય તે દુનિયાની સૌથી શાંત અને ઉમદા લાગણીઓની ક્ષણોમાંની થોડીક ક્ષણો હોય છે.

…કે ….દયાળુ અને માયાળુ બનવું તે…ખરા...બનવા કરતા વધારે સારું છે.

...કે ………બાળકની કોઈ પણ ભેટનો અસ્વીકાર ન કરવો જોઈએ.

…કે ….કોઈને મદદ કરવાની શક્તિ મારામાં ન હોય ત્યારે મારે તેના માટે પ્રાર્થના જરૂર કરવી જોઈએ.

...કે ….આપણું પદ કે પ્રતિષ્ઠા ગમે તેટલા ગંભીર રહેવાનું શિખવાડે પણ આપણી પાસે એવા બેચાર મિત્રો તો હોવા જ જોઈએ કે જેમની સાથે ટોળટપ્પાં મારી શકાય, ઠઠ્ઠામશ્કરી કરી શકાય.

…કે …દરેકેદરેક વ્યક્તિને જિંદગીમાં ઘણી વખત એક સહાનુભૂતિભર્યા સાથ અને લાગણીભર્યાં હૃદયની જરૂર પડતી જ હોય છે, જે તેને સમજી શકે.

…કે ……જિંદગી એક ગરગડી પર વીંટાળેલા દોરા જેવી છે. છેડો જેમ નજીક આવે તેમ તેમ વધારે ઝડપથી ભાગવા લાગે!

…કે…આપણને બધું જ નથી આપ્યું એ ભગવાને આપણને આપેલ ઉત્તમ વરદાન છે!

_કે….પૈસો નૈતિકતા નથી ખરીદી શકતો.

_કે રોજિંદા વ્યવહારની નાની નાની ઘટનાઓ જ જિંદગીને સાચું સ્વરૂપ આપતી હોય છે.

_કે…દરેકના બખ્તરિયા કોચલા નીચે એક એવી વ્યક્તિ હોય જ છે જે પ્રેમ અને લાગણી ઝંખે છે.

...કે….આપણા ગણવાથી કે ન ગણવાથી પરિસ્થિતિ બદલાઈ નથી જતી, એટલે હકીકતનો સ્વીકાર કરતાં શીખવું. .કે.સમય કરતાં પણ પ્રેમમાં જ દરેક ઘાને રુઝવવાની શક્તિ રહેલી છે.

…કે ….મારો વિકાસ કરવાનો ઉત્તમ રસ્તો મારાથી વધારે પ્રતિભાશાળી લોકો વચ્ચે રહેવું એ છે.

…કે …જેને મળીએ તેને બની શકે તો એક સ્મિત તો ભેટ આપવું જ જોઈએ.

.કે ..કોઈ પણ વ્યક્તિ પૂર્ણ નથી, સિવાય કે જેની સાથે તમે પ્રેમમાં પડો!

કે જિંદગી અતિકઠિન છે, પણ હું કાંઈ ઓછો મજબૂત તો નથી જ!

કે ….અમૂલ્ય તક ક્યારેય વ્યર્થ જતી જ નથી. આપણે જો ન ઝડપી લઈએ તો બીજું કોઈક એ ઝડપી લેવા તૈયાર જ હોય છે.

…કે …તમે જો કટુતા-કડવાશને હૃદયમાં આશરો આપશો તો ખુશાલી બીજે રહેવા જતી રહેશે! એમને અંદરોઅંદર જરાય બનતું નથી!

.કે ...બોલેલા શબ્દોને દરેક જણાએ નરમ અને મીઠાશભર્યાં જ રાખવા જોઈએ, કારણ કે ન કરે નારાયણ અને કાલે કદાચ એને પોતાને જ એ પાછા ગળવાનો વારો આવે તો તકલીફ ન પડે!

..કે ...સુંદર મજાનું સ્મિત એ ચહેરાની સુંદરતા વિનામૂલ્યે વધારવાનું એક અદ્ભુત ઔષધ છે.

-કે ….નાનકડો પૌત્ર કે પૌત્રી જ્યારે દાદા-દાદીની ઘરડી આંગળી પોતાની નાનકડી મુઠ્ઠીમાં પકડે છે ત્યારે હકીકતમાં તો એ દાદા-દાદીને જિંદગી જીવવાનો ટેકો આપે છે. એમને જિંદગી સાથે બાંધે છે.

કે.દરેક જણને પહાડની ટોચ પર રહેવાની તમન્ના હોય છે. પણ સાચો આનંદ અને વિકાસ ત્યાં સુધી પહોંચવામાં જ હોય છે.

_કે _કોઈને શિખામણ ફક્ત બે જ સંજોગોમાં આપવી જોઈએ: એક, જો સામી વ્યક્તિએ એ માંગી હોવ અને બીજું જો એના જીવનમરણનો સવાલ હોય.

..કે ..અગત્યના કામ માટે સમય જેટલો ઓછો મળે તેટલું કામ વધારે ઝડપથી થઈ શકે છે.

કે સારા મિત્રો અદ્ભુત ખજાના જેવા હોય છે. એ લોકો તમારા ચહેરાને સ્મિતની ભેટ આપે છે. તમને આગળ વધવા માટે પ્રોત્સાહિત કરે છે, તમારી વાતો (પણી વખત તો સાવ ફાલતુ વાતો) પણ ધ્યાનથી તેમજ રસથી સાંભળે છે. તમારી નિઃસ્વાર્થ પ્રશંસા કરે છે અને એમના હૃદયના દરવાજા હંમેશ હંમેશ તમારા માટે ખુલ્લા રાખે છે.

તમે જે લોકોને મળો છો...

આપણી જિંદગીમાં કંઈકેટલાય લોકો આવતાજતા રહે છે. પરંતુ હૃદયમાં પોતાનાં પદચિહ્નો તો સાચા મિત્રો જ છોડી જતા હોય છે.

આપણી જાતને સંભાળવા, તમારી જાત સાથે કામ પાડવા તમારી બુદ્ધિનો ઉપયોગ કરવો, પરંતુ બીજાને સંભાળવા, અન્ય લોકો સાથે કામ પાર પાડવા હૃદયનો ઉપયોગ કરવો.

(To handle yourself use your head, to handle others use your heart!)

Anger અને Danger એ બે શબ્દો વચ્ચે ફક્ત એક જ અક્ષરનો ફેર છે. એટલે ગુસ્સો ક્યારે ભયજનક લિમિટ પસાર કરી જાય તેની ખાતરી હોતી નથી.

કોઈ તમને એક વખત દગો દે તો એ તેનો વાંક છે, પરંતુ જો એ જ વ્યક્તિ બીજી વખત દગો કરે તો એ તમારો વાંક છે.

Yesterday is History, Tomorrow is mystery, Today is a Gift! અર્થાત ગઈકાલ ઇતિહાસ છે, આવતી કાલ રહસ્ય છે, ફક્ત આજ જ એક અમૂલ્ય એવી ભેટ છે.

દુનિયાની સૌથી મોટી કઠણાઈ એ છે કે આવતી કાલની ગાડી, ગઈ કાલના રસ્તા પર આજનો ડ્રાઈવર ચલાવે છે!

ચાલો એક ચિઠ્ઠી લખીએ, એક ફોન કરી!

ક્યારેક અમસ્તા જ ચાલો કોઈકને ચિઠ્ઠી લખી નાખીએ કે.. આજે તમે લોકો અમને ખૂબ જ યાદ આવ્યા!

ક્યારેક બસ અમસ્તા જ કોઈકને ફોન કરીએ અને કહીએ કે… બસ અમસ્તા જ તમને હલ્લો કરવા, તમારો અવાજ સાંભળવા જ ફોન કરેલો!

ક્યારેક બાળપણના કોઈ ગોઠિયાને કે સ્કૂલ કે કૉલેજના કોઈ સહાધ્યાયીને એ સમયે બની ગયેલો કોઈ ખૂબ જ આનંદનો પ્રસંગ લખીએ કે કહી પાડીએ!

આપણે મોટા ભાગે કંઈક અગત્યનું કામ પડે તો જ કોઈકને યાદ કરતા હોઈએ છીએ. એના કરતાં ક્યારેક કંઈ કામ ન હોય તોપણ બસ અમસ્તા જ કોઈકને યાદ કરીએ તો સામી વ્યક્તિને કેટલી બધી ખુશી થશે એ વિચાર કર્યો છે ક્યારેય? અને જો આમ જ આનંદની ક્ષણો અને ખુશીના અવસરોને બધા એકબીજાને વહેંચતા રહેશે તો આ નાનકડી દુનિયાને આનંદનું ઉપવન બનતાં કેટલી વાર લાગશે?

તો ચાલો આજે આપણે આવું જ કંઈક કરીએ! કોઈને યાદ કરીએ, કોઈને લખીએ, બસ સાવ અમસ્તા જ!

આગલી હરોળ:

જિંદગી એ તમારું થિયેટર છે.

હંમેશાં યાદ રાખો કે તમે તમારી આસપાસ રહેલા લોકોને ન જ બદલી શકો, પરંતુ તમે એવા લોકોને જરૂર પસંદ કરી શકો કે જેમની આસપાસ તમે રહી શકો.

You can not change the people around you, but you can certainly change the people you are around!

દિવાલમાં ખીલો:

 ‘બેટા! તેં ઉત્તમ અને અદ્ભુત પ્રયત્ન કર્યો છે. તારું અને મારું ધ્યેય પૂરું થયું. પણ આ દીવાલ સામે તેં જોયું? એમાં પડી ગયેલાં કાણાં જોયાં? એ હવે પહેલાંના જેવી ક્યારેય નહીં બની શકે. તમે જ્યારે ગુસ્સામાં બીજાને કંઈક અપમાનજનક વેણ કહી નાખો છો ત્યારે એ શબ્દો પણ સાંભળનારના હૃદયમાં આવો છેદ મૂકી જતા હોય છે. એ ઘા પછી કાયમ માટે રહી જતો હોય છે. માફ કરી દો એમ કહી દેવાથી સામી વ્યક્તિ એ ઘા ને ભૂલી શકે પરંતુ એણે કરેલો ઉઝરડો ક્યારેય નથી રુઝાતો. તલવાર કે શસ્ત્રોનો ઘા તો ફક્ત શરીરને જ અસર કરે છે, પરંતુ શબ્દોનો ઘા તો આત્માને ઈજા પહોંચાડે છે. તું સુધરી ગયો તેનો મને ખૂબ જ આનંદ થયો છે. મારી આ વાત તું સમજી શકશે એવું લાગ્યું એટલે જ હું તને આ શબ્દો કહી રહ્યો છું.” 

મદદની ચીસ સાંભળો.. અથવા ઇંટના ઘા માટે તૈયાર રહો:

આ કાચ હંમેશાં એક વાતની યાદ અપાવે છે કે જિંદગીમાં એટલું બધું ઝડપથી ક્યારેય ન ચાલવું કે તમારું ધ્યાન ખેંચવા માટે કોઈને ઈંટનો ઘા કરવો પડે!’…પછી ધીમેથી ઊંડોશ્વાસ લઈને એ કહેતો કે : ‘કાં તો મદદ માટેની ઝીણી ચીસ સાંભળો અથવા તો ઈંટના ઘા માટે તૈયાર રહો!!

રેતીમાં લખાણ:

જ્યારે કોઈ સ્નેહી નજીકની વ્યક્તિ કે મિત્ર આપણને ઠેસ પહોંચાડે કે આપણે લાગણીને ધક્કો લાગે તેવું કૃત્ય કરે ત્યારેઆપણે રેતી પર લખવું જોઈએ, જેથી કરીને ક્ષમાનો પવન એને ભૂસી નાખી શકે. પણ એ જ લોકો જો આપણા માટે કોઈ પણ મોટું કે મદદનું કામ કરે ત્યારે આપણે એને યાદદાસ્તના પથ્થર પર કોતરીને હૃદયના સિંહાસન પર સ્થાપવું જોઈએ. જેથી કોઈ પણ પવન તો શું તોફાનો પણ એને ન મિટાવી શકે...

Don't dance so fast:

Life is not a race

Do take it slower 

Hear the music

 before the song is over. 

Thank You 

EQUAITY BY MAYA ANGELOU

EQUALITY BY MAYA ANGELOU 

QUESTION:1:What's your understanding  of the poem Equality? 

ABOUT THE POET:

Maya Angelou, born Marguerite Ann Johnson on April 4, 1928, was an influential American author and poet, celebrated for her autobiographical works delving into themes of identity, family, and racism. Renowned for her groundbreaking memoir, "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings," Angelou's literary contributions earned her international recognition, numerous honorary degrees, and accolades, including a nomination for the Pulitzer Prize for her poetry collection, "Just Give Me a Cool Drink of Water 'Fore I Diiie." She was also a prominent figure in the Civil Rights movement and made history by reciting her poem "On the Pulse of Morning" at President Bill Clinton's inauguration in 1993.

EQUALITY ORIGINAL POEM:

You declare you see me dimly

through a glass which will not shine,

though I stand before you boldly,

trim in rank and marking time.

You do own to hear me faintly

as a whisper out of range,

while my drums beat out the message

and the rhythms never change.

Equality, and I will be free.

Equality, and I will be free.

You announce my ways are wanton,

that I fly from man to man,

but if I'm just a shadow to you,

could you ever understand ?

We have lived a painful history,

we know the shameful past,

but I keep on marching forward,

and you keep on coming last.

Equality, and I will be free.

Equality, and I will be free.

Take the blinders from your vision,

take the padding from your ears,

and confess you've heard me crying,

and admit you've seen my tears.

Hear the tempo so compelling,

hear the blood throb in my veins.

Yes, my drums are beating nightly,

and the rhythms never change.

Equality, and I will be free.

Equality, and I will be free.

Explanation 

Stanza 1:

In this stanza, Maya Angelou describes the way society perceives her. She feels as though she's being seen only partially, like a shadow seen through a cloudy glass. Despite her confidence and assertiveness, society fails to fully recognize her presence. She compares herself to a faint whisper that struggles to be heard, while her essence and identity remain unchanged.

Stanza 2:

This stanza is a powerful assertion of the connection between equality and freedom. By repeating the phrase "Equality, and I will be free," Angelou emphasizes that true freedom can only be achieved when there is equality for all individuals, regardless of their background or identity.

Stanza 3:

Here, Angelou addresses the unfair stereotypes and judgments placed upon her and others like her. She questions whether those who hold such biases truly understand her experiences and struggles. Angelou challenges the narrow-minded views of society, suggesting that understanding requires empathy and an open mind.

Stanza 4:

Angelou acknowledges the painful history of oppression and discrimination faced by marginalized communities, particularly African Americans. Despite this history, she expresses her determination to keep moving forward. The reference to "marking time" suggests a sense of perseverance and progress, even in the face of societal resistance.

Stanza 5:

Repeating the refrain from stanza 2, Angelou reaffirms the central idea that equality is essential for true freedom. This repetition emphasizes the importance of this message and underscores its significance within the poem.

Stanza 6:

In this stanza, Angelou urges society to remove their metaphorical blinders and truly see and hear the struggles of the oppressed. She calls for acknowledgment and confession of the injustices faced by marginalized communities. The references to crying and tears evoke a sense of emotional urgency and highlight the human toll of inequality.

Stanza 7:

Once again, Angelou repeats the refrain, driving home the message that equality is necessary for genuine freedom. By ending the poem with this repetition, she leaves readers with a powerful reminder of the importance of striving for equality in society.

QUESTION:2:Write a poem on the theme of equality. 

I KNOW WHY THE CAGED BIRD SINGS BY MAYA ANGELOU

 I KNOW WHY THE CAGED BIRD SINGS BY MAYA ANGELOU 

QUESTION:1: What's the significance of the title, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings? Is it an appropriate title?

ABOUT THE POET:

Maya Angelou, born Marguerite Ann Johnson on April 4, 1928, was an influential American author and poet, celebrated for her autobiographical works delving into themes of identity, family, and racism. Renowned for her groundbreaking memoir, "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings," Angelou's literary contributions earned her international recognition, numerous honorary degrees, and accolades, including a nomination for the Pulitzer Prize for her poetry collection, "Just Give Me a Cool Drink of Water 'Fore I Diiie." She was also a prominent figure in the Civil Rights movement and made history by reciting her poem "On the Pulse of Morning" at President Bill Clinton's inauguration in 1993.

ABOUT THE POEM:

" I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings" is a poem written by Maya Angelou, an American poet, memoirist, and civil rights activist. It was first published in her 1983 autobiography, "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings." The poem contrasts the experiences of a free bird with those of a caged bird, using birds as metaphors to explore themes of freedom, oppression, and longing. The free bird symbolizes liberty and the pursuit of dreams, while the caged bird represents confinement and the struggle for freedom. The poem is renowned for its powerful imagery and poignant exploration of social and personal struggles.

ORIGINAL POEM:

A free bird leaps

on the back of the wind   

and floats downstream   

till the current ends

and dips his wing

in the orange sun rays

and dares to claim the sky.

But a bird that stalks

down his narrow cage

can seldom see through

his bars of rage

his wings are clipped and   

his feet are tied

so he opens his throat to sing.

The caged bird sings   

with a fearful trill   

of things unknown   

but longed for still   

and his tune is heard   

on the distant hill   

for the caged bird   

sings of freedom.

The free bird thinks of another breeze

and the trade winds soft through the sighing trees

and the fat worms waiting on a dawn bright lawn

and he names the sky his own.

But a caged bird stands on the grave of dreams   

his shadow shouts on a nightmare scream   

his wings are clipped and his feet are tied   

so he opens his throat to sing.

The caged bird sings   

with a fearful trill   

of things unknown   

but longed for still   

and his tune is heard   

on the distant hill   

for the caged bird   

sings of freedom.

ANSWER:

Stanza 1:

The poem begins with a vivid image of a free bird that leaps on the back of the wind, soaring effortlessly through the sky.

This bird floats downstream until it reaches the end of the current, dips its wing in the orange sun rays, and dares to claim the sky.

The free bird symbolizes freedom, autonomy, and the ability to explore without hindrance.

Stanza 2:

In contrast, we meet the caged bird, confined within a narrow cage.

This bird is trapped and cannot see beyond the bars of rage that imprison it.

Its wings are clipped, and its feet are tied, rendering it powerless.

Despite its captivity, the caged bird opens its throat to sing, expressing its longing for freedom.

Stanza 3:

The caged bird’s song is filled with a fearful trill, representing both its fear and its yearning.

It sings of things unknown but longed for still, expressing the desire for a life beyond its confinement.

The bird’s tune reaches the distant hill, echoing its plea for liberation.

Ultimately, the caged bird’s song becomes a powerful anthem for freedom.

Stanza 4:

The free bird, meanwhile, thinks of another breeze and enjoys the gentle trade winds among the trees.

It anticipates the fat worms waiting on a dawn bright lawn, symbolizing abundance and opportunity.

The free bird claims the sky as its own, reveling in its boundless possibilities.

Stanza 5:

The caged bird, however, stands on the grave of dreams—a place where aspirations die.

Its shadow shouts on a nightmare scream, emphasizing its suffering and frustration.

Despite its plight, the caged bird still opens its throat to sing, defying its circumstances.

Conclusion:

The poem’s title, “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings”, holds immense significance.

It reflects the shared experience of those who face oppression, discrimination, and confinement.

Maya Angelou’s autobiographical work with a similar title further explores these themes, emphasizing the struggle of being a Black author and poet.

Through this poem, Angelou invites us to recognize the resilience and longing for freedom that exist even in the most challenging circumstances.

In summary, the title is indeed appropriate—it encapsulates the essence of the poem and resonates with anyone who has yearned for liberation despite adversity.

Reference:

LitCharts.com

Poem Analysis.com

Prof. Vipul Dabhi Sir

Still I Rise by Maya Angelou

STILL  I  RISE

QUESTION :1:What is your understanding of the poem Still I Rise by Maya Angelou? 

ABOUT THE AUTHOR:

Maya Angelou, born Marguerite Ann Johnson on April 4, 1928, was an influential American author and poet, celebrated for her autobiographical works delving into themes of identity, family, and racism. Renowned for her groundbreaking memoir, "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings," Angelou's literary contributions earned her international recognition, numerous honorary degrees, and accolades, including a nomination for the Pulitzer Prize for her poetry collection, "Just Give Me a Cool Drink of Water 'Fore I Diiie." She was also a prominent figure in the Civil Rights movement and made history by reciting her poem "On the Pulse of Morning" at President Bill Clinton's inauguration in 1993.

ABOUT THE POEM:

The poem "Still I Rise" by Maya Angelou is a powerful testament to resilience and strength in the face of adversity. Through vivid imagery and confident assertions, Angelou confronts societal oppression, racism, and sexism, asserting her unwavering spirit and determination to rise above any attempts to diminish her worth. With each stanza, she defiantly proclaims her worth and celebrates her identity, embodying the resilience of generations of oppressed people who have overcome hardships and persevered. The poem serves as an anthem of empowerment and defiance, inspiring readers to embrace their own strength and rise above the challenges they may face.

ORIGINAL POEM:

You may write me down in history

With your bitter, twisted lies,

You may trod me in the very dirt

But still, like dust, I'll rise.

Does my sassiness upset you?

Why are you beset with gloom?

’Cause I walk like I've got oil wells

Pumping in my living room.

Just like moons and like suns,

With the certainty of tides,

Just like hopes springing high,

Still I'll rise.

Did you want to see me broken?

Bowed head and lowered eyes?

Shoulders falling down like teardrops,

Weakened by my soulful cries?

Does my haughtiness offend you?

Don't you take it awful hard

’Cause I laugh like I've got gold mines

Diggin’ in my own backyard.

You may shoot me with your words,

You may cut me with your eyes,

You may kill me with your hatefulness,

But still, like air, I’ll rise.

Does my sexiness upset you?

Does it come as a surprise

That I dance like I've got diamonds

At the meeting of my thighs?

Out of the huts of history’s shame

I rise

Up from a past that’s rooted in pain

I rise

I'm a black ocean, leaping and wide,

Welling and swelling I bear in the tide.

Leaving behind nights of terror and fear

I rise

Into a daybreak that’s wondrously clear

I rise

Bringing the gifts that my ancestors gave,

Iam the dream and the hope of the slave.

I rise

I rise

I rise.

EXPLANATION:

Stanza 1: People might try to say mean things about me and put me down, but I always find a way to stand back up, just like dust that never stays on the ground for too long.

Stanza 2: Ever wonder why some people get bothered by how confident and bold I am? It's like they can't handle the fact that I carry myself with such assurance, like I've got my own oil wells right in my house!

Stanza 3: You know, I'm a bit like the moon and the sun — I always come back, shining bright. Just like the tide always returns, and hope keeps popping up no matter what.

Stanza 4: Even when people want to see me sad or broken, I refuse to give them that satisfaction. Their cruel words won't bring me down; I won't let them break my spirit.

Stanza 5: Some folks seem to have a problem with how proud and confident I am. But hey, that's their issue, not mine. I laugh in the face of their envy, feeling as rich as if I had gold mines right in my backyard.

Stanza 6: No matter what people throw at me — harsh words, nasty looks — I won't let them knock me down. I'm as resilient as the air itself, always finding a way to rise above.

Stanza 7: My confidence and allure might make some people uncomfortable, but that's not my problem. I shine bright, like diamonds sparkling at the meeting of my thighs.

Stanza 8: I'm done letting the pain and shame of the past hold me back. I'm like a vast ocean, powerful and unyielding. Nothing can keep me down for long.

Stanza 9: Leaving behind those dark, fearful nights, I'm stepping into a new day full of clarity and hope. I carry the struggles and triumphs of my ancestors with me, embodying their dreams and hopes. I'm not just going to survive; I'm going to thrive. "I rise, I rise, I rise" — I say it loud and clear, declaring my strength and determination for all to hear.

QUESTION:2:Identify key literary devices used in the poem and provide examples, including original lines from the poem.

1.Metaphor:

Definition: Comparing two unlike things without using "like" or "as."

Example: 

"’Cause I walk like I've got oil wells "

" Pumping in my living room."

Explanation: In this line, the speaker compares her confidence to having oil wells in her living room, illustrating her strength and self-assuredness.

2. Simile:

 Definition: Comparing two unlike things using "like" or "as."

 Examples: 

 "Just like moons and like suns."

"Shoulders falling down like teardrops."

"That I dance like I've got diamonds / At the meeting of my thighs."

Explanation: These lines use similes to compare the speaker's resilience, vulnerability, and confidence to natural phenomena and precious gems, respectively.

3. Imagery:

 Definition: Descriptive language that appeals to the senses.

  Examples:

 "Shoulders falling down like teardrops."

"Out of the huts of history’s shame / I rise" 

"Into a daybreak that’s wondrously clear / I rise"

 "I'm a black ocean, leaping and wide,"

Explanation: These lines create vivid mental images, evoking emotions and emphasizing the speaker's resilience and strength.

4. Repetition:

Definition: Repeating words or phrases for emphasis.

Example: "Still I'll rise."

Explanation: The repetition of this phrase throughout the poem emphasizes the speaker's determination and unwavering resolve to overcome obstacles.

5. Alliteration:

Definition: Repeating consonant sounds at the beginning of words.

Examples:

 "With your bitter, twisted lies."

 "Shoulders falling down like teardrops."

 Explanation: These lines use alliteration to create rhythm and draw attention to the negative actions and emotions described in the poem.

6.Symbolism:

Definition: Using symbols to represent deeper meanings or ideas.

Example: "I am the dream and the hope of the slave."

Explanation: In this line, the speaker symbolizes the dreams and hopes of those who have suffered oppression, embodying resilience and aspirations for freedom and equality.

Thank you. 

THE HEATHEN BY JACK LONDON

Question:1: What's your understanding of the story The Heathen? Write this answer in your own words.

"The Heathen" is a short story by Jack London about two people, Charley and Otoo, who survive a shipwreck during a hurricane in the Pacific. They come from different backgrounds but form a close bond after the disaster. Charley, a pearl buyer, and Otoo, a Kanaka, cling to a hatch cover from the wreck and eventually wash ashore on an atoll, becoming the only survivors. Otoo saves Charley's life and they become inseparable companions for seventeen years. Despite their cultural differences, Otoo teaches Charley valuable lessons about life and morality. He encourages Charley to become a captain and start a family, helping him along the way. Their relationship ends tragically when Otoo sacrifices himself to save Charley from sharks. Through their friendship, Charley learns important lessons about friendship, fairness, and the value of life.

 Question:2:The learners are advised to read the original story and talk about the major scenes that take place in the story. 

INTRODUCTION OF THE AUTHOR :

Jack London was an American author, activist , novelist and journalist who lived from 1876 to 1916. He is best known for his adventurous novels and short stories, many of which are set in the wilderness of the Klondike Gold Rush in the late 19th century. London's works often explore themes of survival, nature, and the struggles of the human spirit against harsh conditions. Some of his most famous works include "The Call of the Wild," "White Fang," and "To Build a Fire." London's own experiences as a sailor, gold prospector, and adventurer heavily influenced his writing, making him one of the most celebrated authors of his time.

INTRODUCTION OF THE STORY:

"The Heathen," a short story by Jack London, first saw the light of day in the pages of Everybody's Magazine in August 1910. Later, it found a permanent home in London's collection of stories, "The Strength of the Strong," published by Macmillan in 1914. This gripping tale transports readers to the Pacific Ocean, where the lives of two individuals, Charley and Otoo, intersect amidst the chaos of a shipwreck during a violent hurricane. As they navigate the challenges of survival and form an unlikely bond, London weaves a narrative rich in themes of resilience, friendship, and the universal human experience. Through vivid prose and unforgettable characters, "The Heathen" remains a timeless exploration of the enduring power of human connection in the face of adversity.

CHARACTERS:

Narrator: The protagonist of the story, a pearl buyer on the schooner.

Heathen: A character referred to by the captain, his identity becomes known later in the story.

Captain Oudouse: French captain of the Petite Jeanne.

Mate: Second-in-command on the schooner.

Supercargo: Person responsible for overseeing cargo operations on the schooner.

Polish Jew: One of the pearl buyers on the schooner.

Ah Choon: A Chinese pearl buyer known for his whiteness.

German: Another pearl buyer aboard the schooner.

Americans: Two pearl buyers from the United States.

Easter Islander: One of the crew members who dies from smallpox.

Raratonga Vahine: A woman who interacts with Ah Choon during the chaos on deck.

Kanaka Steersman: The native steersman of the schooner.

Various Deck Passengers: Paumotans, Tahitians, men, women, and children returning from the pearling season.

 Otoo: A wise and brave sailor from Bora Bora who becomes the main character's friend and mentor.

Captain Nagle: The captain of the ship Petite Jeanne, which gets caught in the hurricane.

M. Rosse: The captain of the French ship that rescues the main character and Otoo.

M. Jovis: A kind and generous man who helps the main character and Otoo get back on their feet after the shipwreck.

The Shark: The dangerous predator that attacks Otoo and leads to his sacrifice.

SCENES:

1. Setting sail: Passengers, including pearl buyers and native deck passengers, embark on the Petite Jeanne, which is overloaded with cargo such as pearl shell, copra, pigs, chickens, yams, and bananas.

2. Encounter in a Hurricane: The narrator meets the heathen during a hurricane aboard the schooner, where chaos ensues as winds intensify and waves batter the ship.

 "I remembered seeing the Petite Jeanne fly to pieces at what must have been the instant that my own consciousness was buffeted out of me."

3. Outbreak of Smallpox: A crew member dies from smallpox, leading to an outbreak among passengers. Some desert in a boat, leaving others stranded.

4. Deteriorating Conditions: Smallpox spreads rapidly, and remaining boats are scuttled, exacerbating the passengers' plight.

5. Survival Strategies: Passengers resort to drinking alcohol to prevent smallpox infection, but the whiskey supply runs out, leaving only two survivors among the pearl buyers.

6. Approaching Hurricane: The barometer drops significantly, signaling an approaching storm. Despite precautions, the captain fails to avoid the hurricane's path.

7. Impact of Hurricane: The ship is struck by the hurricane, resulting in chaos, destruction, and many passengers being swept overboard.

8. Struggle for Survival: The narrator finds himself in the water, struggling to survive alongside other survivors, including Otoo, a native of Bora Bora.

  "When I came to I was in the water, swimming automatically, though I was about two-thirds drowned."

9. Encounter with Eye of the Storm: Amidst the chaos, there is a sudden calm at the center of the hurricane, followed by a surge in waves, posing further challenges to survival.

10. Survival and Rescue: The narrator and Otoo endure hardship at sea for two days before being rescued by a French cruiser.

"Otoo and I lived with the natives of the atoll for a week, when we were rescued by the French cruiser and taken to Tahiti."

11. Bonding with Otoo: The narrator forms a close bond with Otoo, who becomes a mentor and friend, offering guidance and wisdom. 

"He was brother and father and mother as well."

12. Partnership and Business Ventures: The narrator and Otoo become partners in business, with Otoo providing valuable insights for successful ventures.

 "Concerning me, personally, he objected to my doing anything that was hurtful to me."

13. Sacrifice and Loss: Otoo sacrifices himself to save the narrator from a shark attack, leaving a lasting impact on the narrator's life.

 "By this time I was played out, and gave up hope. The schooner was still two hundred feet away. My face was in the water, and I was watching him manoeuvre for another attempt, when I saw a brown body pass between us. It was Otoo."

14. Final Farewell: Otoo bids a final farewell before being dragged underwater by the shark, leaving the narrator profoundly affected.

   "Then he was dragged under, and I was hauled aboard, where I fainted in the captain's arms."

QUESTION:3: CHARACTER SKETCH OF OTOO. 

Name: Otoo (pronounced o-to-o)

1. Physical Description:

 Otoo is described as a native of Bora Bora, standing nearly six feet tall and muscled like a gladiator. His skin, weathered by the sun and sea, bears the marks of a life lived close to nature. Despite his imposing physique, he exudes an aura of kindness and warmth, with eyes that sparkle with wisdom and laughter.

Otoo: "In the eyes of the island gods, strength is measured not by muscle but by the depth of one's spirit."

2. Personality Traits:

 Otoo is depicted as a man of few words but profound actions, displaying courage and selflessness in the face of adversity. His stoic demeanor belies a heart brimming with compassion and empathy. He possesses a gentle demeanor and a compassionate heart, yet harbors a fierce loyalty to those he cares about, willing to go to great lengths to protect and support them.

Charley: "Your silence speaks volumes, Otoo."

Otoo: "Words are but fleeting echoes; actions, everlasting echoes in the tapestry of life."

3. Relationship with Charley: 

Otoo's bond with Charley transcends mere friendship, evolving into a deep and enduring companionship built on mutual respect and understanding. Their friendship is forged through shared experiences and mutual trust, with each one complementing the other's strengths and weaknesses. He serves as a mentor and protector to Charley, guiding him through life's challenges with unwavering support and wisdom, always ready to offer a listening ear and a steady hand.

Otoo: "In the dance of fate, we are partners, bound by the rhythm of the tides and the melody of our souls."

4. Sense of Duty and Responsibility: 

Otoo takes his responsibilities seriously, whether it's safeguarding Charley's well-being or fulfilling his duties aboard ships. His sense of duty is rooted in a deep-seated respect for honor and integrity, driving him to act with courage and conviction in the face of adversity. He demonstrates keen intuition and foresight, anticipating potential dangers and taking proactive measures to mitigate risks, drawing from his years of experience at sea and his innate understanding of human nature.

Charley: "You have a knack for seeing what others overlook, Otoo."

Otoo: "The winds of destiny whisper their secrets to those who listen with an open heart."

5.Wisdom and Guidance:

 Otoo possesses a wealth of life experience and practical knowledge, which he willingly imparts to Charley through insightful advice and profound observations. His wisdom is tempered by humility, rooted in the belief that true understanding comes not from knowledge alone but from empathy and compassion. He serves as a source of wisdom and guidance, offering valuable perspectives on morality, human nature, and the pursuit of happiness, drawing from his own life experiences and the teachings of his ancestors.

Otoo: "In the tapestry of life, every thread has its purpose, every knot its lesson. Embrace the journey, my friend, for therein lies the true treasure."

6. Final Sacrifice:

 Otoo's ultimate act of bravery and selflessness occurs during a shark attack, where he sacrifices his own life to save Charley. His final moments are marked by a profound sense of love and devotion, as he bids farewell to Charley with words of affection and gratitude, leaving behind a legacy of courage and compassion that will endure long after his passing.

Otoo: "Farewell, my friend. In the embrace of eternity, we shall meet again, for love transcends the boundaries of time and space."

7. Symbol 

Through his actions and dialogues, Otoo emerges as a symbol of resilience, kindness, and wisdom, enriching the life of Charley and leaving a lasting legacy of love and friendship. The relationship between Otoo and the narrator symbolizes the power of friendship and transcends cultural and racial boundaries, demonstrating the universal bonds of humanity.