ARABY BY JAMES JOYCE AND ROCKFORD MOVIE REVIEW

 ARABY BY JAMES JOYCE:

Introduction:

James Joyce's "Araby," nestled within the pages of his 1914 collection Dubliners, is a poignant exploration of adolescence, imagination, and the harsh intersection of youthful dreams with the starkness of reality. Published at a time when Dublin was undergoing significant societal changes, the short story delves into the multifaceted themes that resonate with readers even today.

Characters:

The narrative unfolds through the lens of an unnamed first-person narrator, a young boy living in the drab North Richmond Street neighborhood. The supporting cast includes the narrator's friends, the uncle, and, most significantly, Mangan's sister, who becomes the object of the boy's infatuation. Each character plays a crucial role in shaping the central themes of the story.

Published Date:

"Araby" was published in 1914 as part of Joyce's collection Dubliners. This period marked a time of societal transition in Dublin, reflected in the story's exploration of the clash between traditional Irish Catholic values and emerging cultural shifts.

Central Idea:

At its core, "Araby" explores the delicate transition from childhood to adolescence, focusing on the protagonist's evolving perceptions of the world around him. The story captures the tension between the enchanting realm of imagination, where the children's play transcends the harsh reality of their impoverished neighborhood, and the starkness of adulthood that beckons with glimpses of the adult world.

Themes:

1. Coming of Age:

   The story beautifully captures the protagonist's journey into adolescence, marked by an increasing awareness of the complexities of life, love, and societal expectations.

2. Imagination vs. Reality:

   Joyce skillfully juxtaposes the magical world of the children's play with the grim reality of their surroundings. The boy's journey to Araby symbolizes the collision of his fantastical expectations with the disappointing truth.

3. Life of the Mind vs. Poverty:

   The narrative hints at the contrast between the intellectual richness of the boy's mind and the physical and economic poverty of his environment. The struggle to reconcile these disparities adds depth to the story.

4. dealization and Consequences:

   The protagonist's idealized vision of Mangan's sister and the Araby bazaar ultimately lead to disillusionment. Joyce explores the consequences of romanticizing reality and the pain that accompanies the shattering of such illusions.

5. Catholic Church's Influence:

   Set against the backdrop of a Dublin steeped in Catholicism, "Araby" subtly critiques the church's influence in creating a stifling environment where desire and sensuality are viewed as immoral, contributing to the protagonist's internal conflict.

6. Encountering Love in Reality:

   The story explores the harsh reality of encountering love beyond its elevated, idealized form. The protagonist's awkward interaction with Mangan's sister and the disillusionment at the Araby bazaar highlight the complexities of love in the real world.

7. Paralysis:

   A pervasive theme in Joyce's works, paralysis is subtly woven into "Araby." The protagonist's realization of the limitations imposed by his surroundings and societal expectations reflects the broader theme of stagnation.

 conclusion:

 "Araby" is a literary gem that transcends its time, offering readers a nuanced exploration of universal themes. James Joyce's masterful storytelling and keen observation of the human condition continue to resonate, inviting readers to reflect on their own journey from innocence to experience.

 

ROCKFORD MOVIE REVIEW:

Title: "Rockford (1999): A Tale of Friendship and Triumph in Boarding School"

Rockford, a 1999 Indian English-language coming-of-age drama, unfolds the story of thirteen-year-old Rajesh Naidu as he navigates the challenges of Rockford Boys' High School. Directed and written by Nagesh Kukunoor, the film boasts a stellar cast including Nandita Das, Rohan Dey, and Kailash Atmanathan.

 Directed by:Nagesh Kukunoor

Cinematography: C. Ramprasad

Music by:Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy, Lesle Lewis

Produced by: Padmini Kolhapure, Elahe Hiptoola, Nagesh Kukunoor

Cast:

• Rohan Dey as Rajesh Naidu
• Kailash Athmanathan as Selva Reddy
• Nagesh Kukunoor as Johnny Matthew (PT Instructor)
• Ulrika Krishnamurti as Malathi
• Imran Mirza as David Fischer
• Jayant Kripalani as Brother Lawrence
• Shilpa Pai as Shravya
• Suhail Bajaj as Raja
• Nandita Das as Lily Vegas
• Debasakti Mohapatra as Happy
• Sohrab Ardeshir

Plot Overview:

Rajesh, portrayed by Rohan Dey, embarks on his journey at Rockford Boys' High School, accompanied by the camaraderie of friends Selva and David. The trio faces the trials of an all-male boarding school, with Raja, the school captain, posing a formidable challenge. Amidst the joys and tribulations, Rajesh befriends PT Instructor Johnny Matthew, who imparts valuable life lessons.

A turning point arises when the school organizes a fete, and Rajesh, initially uninterested, becomes part of the event at Selva's insistence. An unexpected twist occurs when David, unable to attend, directs Rajesh to deliver a card to Malathi. Unbeknownst to Rajesh, Malathi develops feelings for him, leading to a unique friendship dynamic.

The narrative takes an intriguing turn on Rajesh's birthday when Mr. Matthew, posing as Malathi's uncle, orchestrates a meeting between the two. However, a fabricated accusation by Raja through Malathi's friend Shravya jeopardizes Mr. Matthew's position at the school. The ensuing conflict prompts Rajesh, with the support of David, to confront Raja and unveil the truth before Brother Lawrence, the headmaster.

In a climax that underscores friendship and justice prevailing, Johnny Matthew is reinstated, and the film concludes on a positive note. The storyline beautifully captures the essence of adolescent friendships, the challenges of boarding school life, and the resilience required to confront injustice.

 Release and Reception:

"Rockford" premiered on October 7, 1999, receiving acclaim for its portrayal of youthful camaraderie. The film earned positive reviews and secured a screening at the prestigious MAMI Film Festival, solidifying its place as a noteworthy coming-of-age drama in Indian cinema.

1.Write a movie review based on the movie Rockford.

For Example:

• What are the similarities between the movie Rockford and the poem Araby by James Joyce?

• What types of inner turmoil does the protagonist go through in the story and the movie?

•What types of issues have been pointed out in the movie?

•What did you learn from the story and movie?

Answer:

The similarities between the movie "Rockford" and the poem "Araby" by James Joyce include themes of adolescent experiences, romantic idealization, and the disillusionment that comes with the clash between fantasy and reality.

In both the story and the movie, the protagonists, Rajesh in "Rockford" and the narrator in "Araby," undergo inner turmoil related to their romantic feelings. They both idealize a love interest – Mangan's sister in "Araby" and Malathi in "Rockford" – and build up unrealistic expectations. The protagonists grapple with the challenges of growing up, navigating relationships, and facing the harsh realities that shatter their idealized visions.

The inner turmoil in both works stems from the protagonists' encounters with the complexities of the adult world, represented by the objects of their affection. In "Araby," the narrator's trip to the bazaar reveals a disillusioning reality about love and sexuality. Similarly, in "Rockford," Rajesh's experience with Malathi involves unexpected complications, accusations, and conflicts, leading to a confrontation with the darker aspects of the adult world.

The movie "Rockford" addresses issues such as peer pressure, false accusations, and the consequences of preconceived notions. The false accusation against PT Instructor Johnny Matthew highlights the impact of lies and manipulation, touching on themes of trust and betrayal. Additionally, the film explores the challenges of adolescence, friendship dynamics, and the importance of standing up for what is right.

From both the story and the movie, one can learn about the complexities of adolescence, the pitfalls of idealization, and the inevitable clash between youthful fantasies and the harsh realities of the adult world. Both narratives emphasize the importance of facing truth, standing up against injustice, and navigating the challenges of growing up with resilience and integrity.

2. Write a note on the major themes of the story.

Answer:

Introduction:

James Joyce's "Araby," nestled within the pages of his 1914 collection "Dubliners," is a literary gem that delves into the multifaceted journey of a young boy navigating the realms of infatuation, imagination, and the stark reality of adulthood. The narrative unfolds against the backdrop of North Richmond Street, Dublin, weaving a tapestry of themes that encapsulate the essence of the protagonist's coming-of-age experience.

1. Childhood Innocence and Imagination:

The story opens with a vivid portrayal of children playing in the seemingly drab North Richmond Street. Despite the harsh conditions, their play exudes a magical quality, symbolizing the resilience of childhood innocence and the enchanting power of imagination.

"Our shouts echoed in the silent street... where odours arose from the ashpits, to the dark odorous stables where a coachman smoothed and combed the horse or shook music from the buckled harness."

2. Transition to Adolescence:

As the narrative progresses, Joyce artfully captures the delicate transition from childhood to adolescence. The protagonist's infatuation with Mangan's sister serves as a poignant exploration of burgeoning awareness, paving the way for a deeper understanding of desire and self-discovery.

"She asked me if I was going to Araby. I forget whether I answered yes or no."

3. Idealization and Disillusionment:

The story unfolds a gradual process of idealization as the protagonist builds an unrealistic image of Mangan's sister. However, this idealization comes crashing down in the harsh light of reality at the Araby bazaar. The collision between imagination and truth becomes a central theme, highlighting the consequences of projecting lofty expectations onto people and experiences.

"The Araby market turns out not to be the most fantastic place he had hoped it would be... His idealized vision of Araby is destroyed, along with his idealized vision of Mangan's sister—and of love."

4. Religious Undertones and Social Context:

Joyce subtly weaves in the influence of the Catholic Church, portraying Dublin as a place where asceticism prevails, shaping the characters' perceptions and contributing to the overarching theme of paralysis—both physical and intellectual.

"His aunt frets, hoping that it is not 'some Freemason affair,' and though his uncle, perhaps intoxicated, perhaps stingy, arrives so late from work and equivocates so much that he almost keeps the narrator from being able to go."

5. The Pain of Love in Reality:

"Araby" explores the universal theme of love, unraveling the pain that accompanies the realization of love in its tangible, imperfect form. The protagonist's encounter at the market becomes a pivotal moment, marking the shattering of his idealized vision of both Araby and love.

"The only sound is 'the fall of the coins' as men count their money. Worst of all, however, is the vision of sexuality—of his future—that he receives when he stops at one of the few remaining open stalls."

Conclusion:

In the intricate tapestry of "Araby," James Joyce seamlessly intertwines themes of childhood innocence, adolescence, idealization, religious influences, and the painful clash between imagination and reality. The protagonist's journey becomes a universal exploration of the complexities inherent in the process of growing up, leaving an indelible mark on readers and inviting them to reflect on their own rites of passage.

Reference:

Rockford - Wikipedia

Araby- Wikipedia

Rockford - imdb

Araby - Prof.Vipul Dabhi Sir

VICTORIA PARK, BHAVNAGAR

Victoria park located at Bhavnagar.Victoria Park spans 1,200 vigha or 202 hectares, established on May 24, 1888, by Maharaja Takhtasinhji. A remarkable gift, he presented this human-made forest to Queen Victoria on her birthday, making it one of India's oldest.

There are two water bodies inside — Gaurishankar lake and Krishna Kunj lake (remains dry most of the time), where a large number of migratory birds nest regularly.

The fauna present in Victoria Park. Such as- Blue Bull (નીલગાય: નર/માદા), Hyena (ઝરખ), Jackal (શિયાળ), Hedgehog (શેળો), Indian Porcupine (શાહુડી), Jungle Cat (જંગલી બિલાડી), Civet Cat (વણીયર/વીજ), Indian Hare (જંગલી સસલુ), Indian Grey Mongoose (નોળિયો), Squirrel (ખિસકોલી), and Indian Flying Fox (ચામાચીડિયું/વાગોળ). 

The winged creatures present in Victoria Park. Such as- Rose-ringed Parakeet (પોપટ/સુડો), Greater Coucal (ધુકીયો/ધોયરો), Spotted Owlet (ચીબરી), Common Hoopoe (ઘંટીટાંકણો), Coppersmith Barbet (કંસારો/ટૂકટૂક), Common Kingfisher (નાનો કલકલિયો), Pied Kingfisher (કાબરો કલકલિયો), White Throated Kingfisher (કલકલિયો), Asian Paradise Flycatcher (દુધરાજ), Golden Oriole (પીળક), Rufous Tree Pie (ખેરખટ્ટો), Tickells Blue Flycatcher (અધરંગ).

Victoria Park is home to various flying creatures with feathers, commonly known as birds. Such as-Coppersmith baret(કંસારો ),(Black Rumped Flameback (લાલપીઠ સોનેરી લક્કડખોદ), Barn Owl (રેવીદેવી), Oriental Honey-buzzard (મધિયો બાજ), Red Vented Bulbul (બુલબુલ), Indian Scimitar Babler (વાંકીચાંચ લેલું), Peafowl (મોર), Indian Roller (ચાષ), Shikra- male (શકરો), Laughing Dove (હોલી).

Enumerate various waterfowl species typically sighted at Victoria Park. Such as- Spot-billed Duck (ટીલયાળી બતક), Comb Duck (નકટો), Cotton Pygmy Goose (ગીરજા), Lesser Whistling Duck (નાની સીસોટી બતક), Little Grebe (નાની ડૂબકી), Darter (સર્પગ્રીવ), Indian Cormorant (વચેટ કાજિઓ), Black Crowned Night Heron (રાતબગલો), Purple Moorhen (નીલ જલમુરખો), White Breasted Waterhen (સફેદછાતી સંતાકૂકડી), Pheasant-tailed Jacana (શ્વેતપાંખ જલમાંજર), Bronze Winged Jacana (કાળો જલમાંજર).

THE NIGHTINGALE AND THE ROSE BY OSCAR WILDE

 QUESTION:1:Write about your understanding of the story The Nightingale and the Rose.

"The Nightingale and the Rose" is a short story written by Oscar Wilde, first published in 1888. It's a fairy tale that explores themes of love, sacrifice, and the nature of reality. 

There was a Student who wanted to make a girl happy by giving her a red rose at a dance. The problem was, he had no red roses in his garden. A Nightingale overheard his sadness and decided to help.

The Nightingale found three rose-trees, but the first two couldn't provide a red rose. The third tree said the Nightingale could create one with music and her heart's blood. The Nightingale agreed, even though it meant sacrificing her life.

Throughout the night, the Nightingale sang beautiful songs, and a red rose bloomed. Sadly, the Nightingale died in the process. The Student found the rose in the morning and rushed to give it to the girl, but she rejected it for more valuable gifts.

Feeling upset and disillusioned with love, the Student decided to focus on practical things instead. The story teaches us about sacrifices made for love and the importance of appreciating genuine gestures.

QUESTION:2:How many characters are there in the story, and what do they do or say?

Major characters:

The Nightingale:

The Nightingale is the main character in "The Nightingale and the Rose," even though she dies before the story ends. She's a romantic bird who spends her life singing about love, hoping to experience it herself. When she hears the Student's sad love story, she decides to help him by sacrificing her life to make a red rose for him. Sadly, the other characters don't realize her sacrifice, but the story shows that what she did was meaningful. The Nightingale represents true love and the value of art because she gives without expecting anything in return, making her an ideal lover and artist.

The Student:

The Student in "The Nightingale and the Rose" starts off as a nice person, but later becomes the bad guy. At first, he says he's in love with a girl, and the Nightingale tries really hard to get him a red rose for her. But when the girl doesn't like the rose, the Student just throws it away, saying love is a waste. This goes against what the Nightingale asked him to do—to be a true lover. The problem with the Student is that he cares too much about being practical and logical. He can't understand the Nightingale's emotions because he's too focused on rules and results. This shows that being too intellectual can make you miss important things like kindness and beauty.

The Rose Tree:

In "The Nightingale and the Rose," there are three rose-trees, but the one near the Student's window is crucial. This tree tells the Nightingale that she can make a red rose, but she has to give up her life for it. The Nightingale agrees and spends the night singing while pressing her breast on a thorn, giving life to the rose with her blood. Surprisingly, although the Rose-tree causes the Nightingale's death, it shows kindness. It's one of the few characters who understands and appreciates the Nightingale's sacrifice, speaking kindly to her as she sacrifices herself on the thorn. This shows a unique form of compassion in the story.

The Girl:

In "The Nightingale and the Rose," the girl is really important even though she doesn't stick around for long. She's the Professor's daughter and stands for someone who doesn't show much emotion and cares a lot about stuff they can touch and own. At first, she says she'll dance with the Student if he gets her a red rose. But later, she goes back on her word because another rich guy gives her fancy jewels. The things she owns, like her expensive silk and her dog, show that she cares a lot about having nice things and doesn't go deep with her feelings.

1. The Lizard:

The Lizard is like the Nightingale but with a cynical attitude. When he hears the Student is sad about a red rose, he mocks the situation, not valuing sentimental things.

2. Butterfly and Daisy:

Butterfly and Daisy both ask the Nightingale why the Student is crying, showing concern about his sadness.

3. The Oak-tree:

The Oak-tree is the Nightingale's friend and home. Like the Rose-tree, it understands the Nightingale's sacrifice and asks her to sing one last song before sacrificing herself for the red rose.

4. The Professor:

Even though the Professor doesn't appear, he's important. He shares similarities with the Student and is the girl's father, connecting the Student's logic with the girl's focus on material things.

5. The White Rose-tree:

The first tree the Nightingale visits doesn't have a red rose. It directs her to its brother, the Yellow Rose-tree, for help.

6. The Yellow Rose-tree:

The second tree also lacks the red rose. It advises the Nightingale to check its brother, the Red Rose-tree, for what she needs.

QUESTION:3:If you were asked to do the second part of the story, what would it be? Write Feely. 

Second Part:

The next day, the student woke up and went for a walk. In the garden, he learned about a nightingale's sacrifice from the plants. Touched by this, he made a small tomb for the bird. Inspired, he started growing different types of roses, understanding the importance of love.

Feeling the emotions strongly, he wrote a poem about the nightingale's sacrifice and his own. This poem got published in the newspaper. The girl, who had a misunderstanding before, read the poem and realized the truth. She apologized to the boy.

Within a month, they got married. The boy, now a valued modern romantic poet, continued to write beautiful verses. They lived happily together, appreciating the love and sacrifices that had brought them closer.

QUESTION:4:Upload the photo of the poetry you have written as a part of classroom activities done based on the story.

WORLD FREEDOM DAY

 QUESTION:1:What is the significance of World Freedom Day?

World Freedom Day, celebrated on November 9. It was started by president George W.Bush on November 9,2001, the 12th anniversary of the opening of the Berlin Wall . It is marks the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. The event symbolised the end of communication in eastern Europe and the triumph of freedom of over oppression. World Freedom day raise awareness among people in areas where legal literacy is lacking.

It is for people to have the freedom to make choices, express their thoughts, and live without fear. It's a day to celebrate being able to be yourself and to understand that everyone deserves to be free and happy.

It is emphasizes the significance of individual liberties, freedom of expression, and the right to make choices without fear of repression.  This day serves as a reminder of the crucial role media plays in upholding freedom by providing unbiased information, fostering transparency, and holding those in power accountable. It's an opportunity for journalists to reflect on their responsibility to safeguard the public's right to information and to promote a society where diverse perspectives are valued.

World Freedom Day serves as a reminder to value and defend fundamental freedoms. In current times, it can help promote awareness of ongoing struggles for liberty, human rights, and democracy globally. It's a call to reflect on the importance of fostering freedom in societies facing various challenges.

World Freedom Day can inspire social change by raising awareness about the importance of freedom, human rights, and democracy. It provides a platform for people to reflect on the value of these principles and encourages them to take action for positive societal transformations. Through events, discussions, and educational initiatives on this day, individuals are prompted to engage in activities that promote justice, equality, and the protection of fundamental freedoms, contributing to broader social change efforts.

QUESTION:2:How does access to information bring about empowerment?

Access to information is crucial role  in empowerment, especially when we talk about having a free press. Imagine a world where everyone can easily get different and fair information.

 

In this world:

People can make better choices because they know a lot of different views and facts. This doesn't just help individuals; it also makes our society grow.

Getting all kinds of information helps people think for themselves. They can look at things and decide what makes sense to them.

A free press makes sure leaders are doing the right thing. They share information that keeps things clear and can show if someone is doing something wrong.

When people know what's going on, they're more likely to get involved in things like voting or helping their community. This makes our society better.

Knowing about your rights helps you stand up for yourself. When you have information, you can speak out against things that are not fair.So, when the press is free, it helps everyone be well-informed. This is good because it lets people think, learn, and take part in making things better for everyone.

QUESTION:3:Which news channel do you watch regularly?

Not regularly but some time l like to watch TV9 news channel and BCC news channel. 

QUESTION:4:Who is your favorite journalist?

My favourite journalist is Ravish kumar.

QUESTION:5:What do you think about Social Media as a part of Journalism?

Social media plays a crucial role in journalism by providing a platform for quick information sharing. Journalists use it to disseminate news, gather sources, and engage with the audience. It enhances real-time reporting and widens the reach of news stories. Social media is like a super-fast news highway for journalists. They can quickly share breaking news, updates, and behind-the-scenes glimpses of their work. It's not just a one-way street – journalists also use social media to hear from people, gather different perspectives, and sometimes even discover new stories. So, it's like a busy town square where information is exchanged, and everyone has a chance to be part of the conversation.

A SERVICE OF LOVE BY O.HENRY

 

QUESTION:1:Discuss how O Henry employs the theme of sacrifice and love throughout the story 'A Service of Love'.

The core theme of the story "A Service of Love" is love and sacrifice. Joe Larrabee came from the Midwest to New York, working as a painter, while Delia Caruthers, a pianist from the South, also arrived in New York to pursue music. They met in an art studio, fell in love, and quickly got married.

"When one loves, no service seems too hard." 

Joe attended painting classes under the great Magister, while Delia studied under Rosenstock. Despite their financial crisis, they prioritized their relationship over their individual passions. The lack of money to pay Magister and Rosenstock's fees led to difficult decisions.

Delia chose to quit her piano lectures and took up an ironing job at a laundry to earn money for Joe's art classes. In sacrificing her dream for her husband's, Joe reciprocated by quitting his painting classes to work as an engineer at the same laundry, not allowing Delia to give piano lessons.

In the story's conclusion, when Delia's hand got burned, Joe showed great care and concern. They confronted the reality of their jobs and the sacrifices they made for each other's dreams.Their love went beyond mere affection; they demonstrated a profound commitment to their relationship. Delia's last dialogue, "Just when one loves," clearly supports this theme.

QUESTION:2:What is the significance of the title of the story? Discuss.

The title "A Service of Love" is significant in conveying the theme of selfless dedication and sacrifice for love. In this story by O. Henry, the characters, Joe and Delia, demonstrate their love for each other by making sacrifices for the sake of their respective arts.

Delia chose to quit her piano lectures and took up an ironing job at a laundry to earn money for Joe's art classes. In sacrificing her dream for her husband's, Joe reciprocated by quitting his painting classes to work as an engineer at the same laundry, not allowing Delia to give piano lessons. Both characters engage in this service. About want smile on their partner's face.

The title encapsulates the central idea that true love involves giving of oneself, even when faced with difficulties.

 The story also introduces a humorous twist where the characters create fictional scenarios to cover up their struggles, adding an element of irony to the idea of service and sacrifice for love.

The last dialogue of Delia in the story, "just when one loves" clearly support this title.

QUESTION:3:What title would you choose if you were asked to do so? 

TITLE:

"A JOURNEY OF DEVOTED PARTNERS"

KALPANA CHAWLA | INSPIRATION: REACHING FOR THE STARS.

  

INTRODUCTION:

Kalpana Chawla, Indian's first woman astronaut to go into space,was born on March 17,1962 in Chawla family at Karnal. Kalpana means "Idea and imagination". This essay is written by "AI LING LOUIE." In her last book named "INSPIRATION: REACHING FOR THE STARS" talks about rare individual name Kalpana.

FAMILY:

Father: Bansari Lal Chawla

Mother: sonjyoti

Two sister

One brother

Kalpana was born and grow up in middle class and economically comfortable family. Har family members's called her as "Montu". She come across a lot of social barriers and this restrictions. Her parents  unfailing support her in good way. She grown up under remarkable hard work and perseverance. Family grit and determination left a deep lasting impression on her. Kalpana's mother's words like,"one should never give up on anything one believed and always do what one loves best."give strength to her.

      

          "You couldn't lose by working 

           hard and     everyone seemed 

          to follow the rules. It helped 

          instil to notion that no matter 

           what the circumstances you 

         can indeed follow your dream."

EDUCATION:

School: Tagore Bal Niketan

Pre degree: Dayal Singh College , Karnal

Graduation:Punjab Engineering College                                    ,Chandigarh (PEC)

Post graduation: University of Texas at                                           Arlington (UTA) (1982)

Ph.D : In Aerospace Engineering Colorado                 (1988)

SCHOOL:

In school,Kalpana had principal who loved the children and teacher who are caring and deeply committed to their profession. Her school went a long way in shopping of her. Kalpana went to a school that was closed to her home.

COLLEGE:

Kalpana wanted to be flight engineer and design aircraft-opted to study aeronautical engineering. Again the principal and teachers at the college tried to persuade Kalpana to change her choice to the streams of Civil, Electrical or Mechanical engineering. She choose to become a part of the small class of eight its only girl student.

Kalpana soon rose to top of the class. She spent her time in classroom, library or laboratory. She also participate in annual sports day and Aero and Astro society's activities.

At PEC she learnt about:1.Aircraft materials

                                            2.Propulsion

                                            3.Theoretical                                                               aerodynamics

POST-GRADUATION:

Kalpana decided to attend the "University of Texas" at ailington (UTA) in 1982. Once again, her family is not happy for her this decision but she convinced them. Kalpana pluged into the American MS programme.In the world of Don vision, her thisis guide at Arlington.

        "My first impression was that

          she was the quite and shy girl

          who was intimidiated by 

          her surrounding. But she

          adapted very well and came 

          across as  a very high spirited 

          individual with a burning 

               desired to succeed".

                                 - Don Wilson.

Most of her time on campus was spent in classroom and the library. She would also spend long hours in the laboratory sometime working late into the night, long after everyone else had left.

Ph.D:

She enrolled for a PhD in mechanical engineering than shift to aerospace engineering that had always been her passion .Miriam, a dear friend at Colorado. She completed ph.D in 1988.

MARRIGE  LIFE:

In December 1983, Kalpana married French American "JEAN PIERRE HARRISON"  who was among the first friend she had made on her arrival in the United State. Har family was upset about her marriage but Kalpana won her approval and blessing with her firm faith. After completing masters, Kalpana moved to Colorado in the rocky mountaing.

Characteristic of Kalpana:

- Bright student

- Willing nature to choose the difficult path

- Burning desire for success

- Nature enthusiast

- Believes in lasting relationships

- Hard worker with convincing power

- Fascinated by aircraft

- Loyal friend

- Shy and careful girl

BRIGHT STUDENT:

Kalpana was shy but cheerful girl with boundless energy and strong inclination for adventure. She impressed the people by her remarkable determination and strong sense of commitment to work and people. Kalpana sharp mind diligence always kept her among the first five, her fun - loving and energetic nature made her enjoying picnics. Kalpana respond with enthusiasm to any challenge as did when she learnt drive a car at fourteen.

FASCINATED BY AIRCRAFT:

Kalpana love making pictures and airplane model in her art and craft classes also love to watch trainer aircraft's land and take off. Her father once managed to arrange a few Joy rides at local flying club. In summer kalpana's favourite pastime time was watching sky. The site of milky and occasional shooting star would fill her mind with several basic questions.

WILLING NATURE TO CHOOSE DIFFICULT PATH:

Kalpana could have chance to choose easy path of being ground crew and stay in silicon valley and earn impressive salary without having risk of her life. It was indeal remarkable that Kalpana will turn towardy the more difficult and challenging option. She was very pleasant and unassuming person.

Kalpana was always ready to listen others. She was passion about dancing and so that she found a very do so. During the time between 1992 and 1994,Kalpana become a student of the "Abhinaya Dance Academy" in San Jose where she learnt Bharatanatyam.

        "Our planet is really only a

          very small part of the vast

                         universe."

HARD WORKER AND CONVINCING POWER:

Chawla family has conservative mind. However, Kalpana succeed in convincing her family for going outside for the study.

LOYAL FRIEND AND BELIEVED IN LASTING RELATIONSHIP:

Kalpana nevar forget people that she has been associated with. She took care to present, autographed , momentos and all the degrees. She has an intense yearning to give back a part what she had gained to society and to all those who had inspired her.

Kalpana got her involved in allowing to student from the school to visit NASA. Kalpana had made plan to sponsor a young student to visit university in South Africa. Kalpana firmly believed in witnessing, experiencing and reaching one's goals. She always use at to say,

            "Do something because

              you really want to do it.

             If you are doing it just for

             the goal and don't enjoy 

             the path, Then I think you

             are cheating yourself."

She had indeed travelled a great distance, both literary and figuratively. And she took the glory with a astounding calm and humidity.

NASA: Ames Research Centre:

Kalpana join the NASA Ames recharge centre in California.

WORK:

 1. The stimulation of complex air                           flows around aircraft such as                             Harrier in "ground effect".

2.  Vice president and research  scientist               with overset methods,Inc in the  silicon           valley in 1993.  Kalpana was put in                   change of developing and implementing         techniques for aerodynamic optimisation.

               

3. Related to the reproduction of                            the effect of the loss of gravity on                      body parts.

NASA - Space Centre:

NASA informed her about interview and medical evaluation that could lead her to the job of an astronaut. She was among the 122 aspiring astronauts chosen from a total of 2962 applications.

Kalpana become one of the nineteen candidates selected to be members of NASA 's 15th batch of astronauts. In 1995,March, Kalpana moved to Houston with JEAN-PIERRE,who had proved to be a supportive co-voyager. Tough training programme at the NASA centre.

                  Training Programme:

The training comprised an introduction to all NASA centres, instruction in land and sea survival as well as in operating aircraft. Further, there were months spent in high-fidelity simulators and under zero gravity conditions. 

The end of the 1995, Kalpana was selected as a crew representative in the NASA Astronaut Office Extra-vehicular Activity and Computer Branches where her work included testing space shuttle controls software.

STS-87 MISSION:

In November 1997, Kalpana was given the chance to go into space. She was to go into space as one of the six crew members on board the Columbia shuttle's STS-87 mission.

Kalpana selected as a mission specialist and represented the diverse scientific discipline of physics, chemistry, astrophysics, aerospace engineering, geology space science and computer science.Kalpana had a special space job. She used a big robotic arm to launch and control satellites. She also did experiments and went outside the spacecraft. She was a commander and pilot too and had to check on the shuttle system for any problems that could arise.

STS-107 MISSION:

She was selected as a true member for the STS-107 launch on the Columbia space shuttle. It was a 16 days mission. The purpose of mission was mainly to conduct research on micro-gravity. Kalpana conducted experiment on the Earth science, life science and physics science.

DEATH:

On February 1, 2003, the Columbia was ready to re enter the earth's atmosphere. Kalpana's family and friends were waiting at a Cape Canaveral. At height of 207,135 feet in the sky without warning all communication snapped. The white trail of shuttle streaking into the earth's atmosphere broke up into the series of white spots, with loud boom. The tragedy beyond the words occurred.The Columbia disintregrated while making its re entry into the earth's atmosphere. There was no survivors.

CONCLUSION:

Kalpana is remarkable  women with a rare combination of brilliant mind and human spirit. Kalpana's courage to dream unatainable thing and perseverance to achieve that lead her to meaningful life. She left behind an invaluable legacy. She will remain a part of the words heritage for the extraordinary will power and daring  that she showed in her attempt to reach for the stars.

 2. How did Kalpana's life take shape? Discuss her early life and reaching out to NASA.

 Kalpana Chawla's early life in Karnal, India, was marked by her exceptional academic achievements and a passion for flying. She earned a Bachelor's degree in Aeronautical Engineering from Punjab Engineering College before pursuing her dream in the United States.

Kalpana moved to the U.S. in 1982, earning a Master's degree in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Texas at Arlington. Subsequently, she completed her Ph.D. in aerospace engineering from the University of Colorado in 1988. Her dedication and intellect propelled her into the aerospace industry.

Her association with NASA began in 1988 when she started working at NASA Ames Research Center, focusing on fluid dynamics research. Kalpana made significant contributions to computational aeroelasticity and simulation technology.

Selected as an astronaut candidate in 1994, she underwent rigorous training, showcasing her adaptability and determination. In 1997, Kalpana achieved her dream of space travel on the Space Shuttle Columbia's STS-87 mission, conducting various experiments.

Tragically, her second spaceflight on STS-107 in 2003 ended in disaster, with the Columbia disintegrating upon re-entry. Kalpana Chawla's life and achievements continue to be remembered as a symbol of perseverance and the pursuit of dreams.

      

3. Discuss the social barriers and restrictions you have faced to date.

Navigating social rules can be like playing a tricky game. Society watches closely, restricting the freedom to enjoy late nights or go outside. Balancing personal desires with others' expectations isn't always easy. For girls, this journey involves moments of sacrifice for family emotions, sometimes leading to missed opportunities. It reveals the intricate dance between personal dreams and family duties, all influenced by societal norms.

4.Does Kalpana's life inspire you? How?

Yes, Kalpana's life inspire me a lot.

Kalpana Chawla's journey resonates deeply with me; her unwavering courage and determination, coupled with a pioneering spirit, serve as a constant source of inspiration. As the first woman of Indian origin in space, her legacy fuels my own aspirations, pushing me to embrace challenges, follow my passion, and consistently strive for excellence in every aspect of my life. Her remarkable achievements remind me that barriers can be overcome, and dreams can be realized through dedication and perseverance.

       "PIPASA"                  DOCUMENTARY            FILM REVIEW: 

       "If we don't get water to drink,

              How will we survive?"

"PIPASA," a documentary film by Rajat Sain and Roohani, presents a poignant and detailed overview of the water crisis in the Barmer region of the Thar Desert.

   पिपासा: प्यास, तृष्णा, इच्छा, लोभ।

Barmer is the faifth the biggest district in India.Which is always accompanied  by two words,first being the desert and second being water.If you mention the ocean to the people there,they will not believe that it exists.Because they believe that the ocean would  resemble a desert filled with sand. They cannot believe that there is so much water existing in this world.Thar desert is known to be the hottest desert.Thar, which falls 85% in India and 15% in Pakistan. Because of the desert and its hit the people there struggle and face scarcity of water.

Barmer and Jaisalmer are district near the border and a lot of people in this district live in remote settlements.The problem of water scarcity isn't new there,it has been there for ages.The people who were living there, using sand to wash vessels and natural's call.

The water there is at depth. Around 600 feet below and salty,saline water.There are few villages like "Arbi ki gaffen", where water is saline. The water is so salty that even animals don't consume it.And due to scarcity of water there is no birds.When water was available at home people would fill containers and lock it. 

From dawn to dusk, women are worried about water that they need to fetch water for their homes.It rains only three to four time there. The situation remains the same. Even today the water sources of this villages are drying up. Of the 21st century, 1/4th part has passed . 25 years are already over. The other 75 years shall go by soon too. There water tank is already built but it has no electricity. There is no scope of getting water in the next 50 years. 

If you ask at any house there, how much water crisis do you face? They would all be crying within. There is one breadwinner but ten members in the family who consume water. There is no water source available nearby. Half lifetime has gone and half remain to fetch  water 💦 . The women of this village, put down the ropes in 225ft. deep percolation well (water source ). 

One lady holds the water container, there other have to pull the rope. Then they transfer the water to their pots. Hardly, the pots are filled and the water gets over. Two women fetch water while the others wait for the co trainer to get filled. They need to wait near the "Beri" (percolation well) for around 1-1.5 hours. They keep waiting there for the water to re-collect in the percolation well. When it seems like water has re-collected for around 1-2pots, they fill it up and leave. 

A lot of 'Beris' can be seen around Barmer's border. Beris are constructed in the midst of a huge space which can be called as 'Tal'. This was done so that every drop if water could be collected and conserved. The system was such that ten to fifteen 'Beris' we're built in a huge Tal. As soon Beri would fill up. As that overflows, the second Beri would start to fill. From second it would overflow to the third and so on and so forth. But as it gets hotter the water level goes low. Water then collects in the process of seeping, Gradually the percolation well gets filled. Within 4-5 hours you can collect 100-150 liters of water from each Beri. Whatever water would collect in these percolation wells, they would use that for 3-4 years. This method is successful even today. 

In the villages where it is still in good working condition. It serves as the major source of drinking water. The quality of this water is good too mineral wise and it is not polluted. Most of the "Beris"are constructed around sand dunes and not stony areas. Wherever would be constructed and not percolation wells. 

The goat is not drinking the water as it is salty. Mixing flour in the water . When they add flour, the cattle consumes the water. 

In Barmer water comes from two types of canals. First being the Indira Gandhi canal, which was made by Ganga Sungh Ji, the king of Bikaner. Later, it came to be known as Indira Gnadhi canal. This canal extends till Jaisalmer. This water comes up to Barmer through connecting pipelines. 

 Luni river used to emerge from Asmer. It would flow through Pali and reach here. Till 40 years age, the river Luni was a lifeline for them. It was also known as "Maru Ganga" but today nothing remains. It is so polluted that there is no aquatic life even and not is it fit for any animal to drink. This is because the government has given allowed chemical and textile industries to dump their waste unto the Luni river. Burmer is one of the  mineral rich region of the country.There is lignite,bentonite,granite and crude oil.They  are being mined chemicals are used in abundance to collect the crude oil.These chemicals seep into our spaces and water sources.This leads to pollution of the water sources and the water taste changes as well.

People have yellowish brown teeth because of the polluted water.The presence of fluoride in the water also affect our bones,people have bent backs earlier than their age.Whenever Beris have not been clean the properly there, they faced more of a drinking water crisis.

Percolation wells were constructed during their forefather's time.The traditional style of water conservation is Sonia channel.Sonia channel is basically a group of percolation. Earlier some village is had ponds. Permission was granted to transport water for domestic purpose only through bullock cart or camel cart.New techniques have come up.Use of tankers have become a profit making business for the villagers.They have no option since the government did not supply them with water.

They are two types of tanker supply. The first one being private and second being government supply.Government tanker include 20000 liters water.There are two tankers allotted every month.The document says one tanker per day but only one tanker reaches  there in a month.Those who have money can pay for the tanker and get water and lower people do not get anything.The truck tankar coast is 4000 rupees.About 10  10 to 12000 per month goes  in buying water there is a lot of scarcity of water.

Not every woman or family has 500 rupees. So they  can't get water, so they are left with only one option to go and fill in water on there own. And that's why they get salty water.Some people do water harvesting in the tanks (taka).Huge underground tanks are made and rainwater is collected in it. But it was only used for drinking water purpose.

They go wise a day to fetch water and fill 2-4 pots. They use that to wash clothes and utensils. They save the water used from washing utensils and that water Goats used to drink. In the film,one lady can carry 10 litres.If she carries 20 litres she will fall and the pot will broke.They have back and feet pain.Body hurts and there is knee pain.She uses the support of a stick to fetch water.Arms,chest , hands and feet...... evening hurts.

In these village, there is a habit that as a girl grows up, she has to accompany her mother to fetch water. Carrying so much weight has an effect on their bodies. It is a habit now so they don't feel it much. But the effects can be seen on the body. Even 80-90 year old women has no other option than to carry water pots. There is nobody in her family, she bring water for cow. It is ill due to scarcity of food and water. 

Work of fetching water also effects their reproductive system. A pregnant women is also going to fetch water till her 8th month of pregnancy. A month after delivery she goes for fetching water. One lady , four days after giving birth of child , she went to fetch water.  Even while experiencing labour pains the women have to work carry weight, fetch water and labour work. Due to this some women face uterine prolapse. Due to this work one lady lost her child because  carrying heavy weight. 

There is not even a single School and there is a no facility for water in their village .Children travel 10 to 15 kms to attend school.Because there is no facility in their village. According to students, the best is ti study,after that bring water.Bring water out of compulsion.

In a day,they went to bring water for 4 times.All women are expected to fetch water .Be it a 10 years old or 80 years old.Their health condition doesn't matter, fetching  water is a necessity.According to them,worst work is to fetch water.

People living in border villages.They are not capable of renting tankers.They are living a miserable life.But they no value of water and use water like the milk.They utilise water like we utilise milk and butter in our house chores.They use water like other valuable items.

There was a saying, Milk or butter is far more easily available than water.we can give you milk or butter but not water.

We don't feel ashamed when 40 thousand villagers are living without water and it does not affect us at all.

Water pipelines are not yet laid in the border areas of Barmer.The plan has not been implemented yet and there are so many areas that are not covered yet.Only water tank has been made but the pipeline required for the distribution of water to the villagers are still not laid.PM Modi had also promised that every Households  will have water connection but it has not been implemented there.

Eastern India has Brahmaputra river,from it every year 3000 or 4000 people die because of extreme floods.Where in Rajasthan 20 to 25 people dies every year due to scarcity of water. In Barmer, Education is not important,but learning how to fetch water is important.No matter you are a girl or boy.

14,000 kilometers: The distance a rural women walks every year just to fetch water,equivalent to the distance between India and America. 

According to Barmer's people, fetching water is the worst thing. We are celebrating 75 years od independence but there are so many villages are deprive from water, which is thoughtful  matter for us.

💧💧💧💧💧💧💧Water💧💧💧💧💧💧