Frankenstein by Mary Shelley

Mary Shelley:

Mary Shelley, born on August 30, 1797, in London, was the daughter of the philosopher William Godwin and the feminist Mary Wollstonecraft. She is best known for her groundbreaking novel “Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus,” published in 1818, which is considered one of the earliest works of science fiction. In 1816, she married the Romantic poet Percy Bysshe Shelley, and together they faced many personal and societal challenges. The idea for “Frankenstein” came to her during a summer spent with Percy, Lord Byron, and others near Geneva, Switzerland. Besides “Frankenstein,” she wrote several other novels, including “Valperga,” “The Last Man,” and “Lodore.” Mary Shelley passed away on February 1, 1851, leaving behind a legacy that continues to influence literature and discussions about the ethical implications of scientific exploration.

1. Major Differences Between the 1994 Movie “Frankenstein” and the Novel “Frankenstein”

Introduction: Mary Shelley’s novel “Frankenstein” and the 1994 movie adaptation directed by Kenneth Branagh have several key differences. These differences span across character portrayals, plot points, and thematic elements.

 

Character Portrayals:

Victor Frankenstein: 

In the novel, Victor is depicted as a deeply flawed, obsessive scientist whose ambition leads to his downfall. The movie, however, portrays him in a more sympathetic light, emphasizing his noble intentions and tragic fate.

The Creature: 

Shelley’s creature is articulate and intelligent, capable of deep emotional expression. The 1994 film, while maintaining some of these traits, often emphasizes the creature’s physical monstrosity and violent tendencies.

Plot Points:

Creation Scene: The novel describes the creation of the creature in a vague, almost mystical manner. The movie, however, provides a dramatic and detailed depiction of the process, complete with elaborate machinery and special effects.

Elizabeth’s Role: In the novel, Elizabeth is a passive character who ultimately becomes a victim. The movie gives her a more active role, including a controversial scene where Victor attempts to reanimate her after her death.

Thematic Elements:

Ambition and Hubris: Both the novel and the movie explore the dangers of unchecked ambition. However, the movie tends to focus more on the tragic love story between Victor and Elizabeth, sometimes at the expense of the novel’s broader themes of scientific responsibility and ethical boundaries.

2. Who is the Real Monster?

Introduction: The question of who the real monster is in “Frankenstein” is a central theme of the novel. It invites readers to consider the nature of monstrosity and the consequences of human actions.

Victor Frankenstein: Victor can be seen as the real monster due to his irresponsible actions. His obsession with creating life leads to the abandonment and suffering of his creation. His refusal to take responsibility for the creature’s well-being results in a series of tragic events.

The Creature: The creature, despite his horrific appearance and violent actions, begins life with a kind and gentle nature. It is society’s rejection and Victor’s neglect that drive him to commit atrocities. This perspective suggests that the creature is a victim rather than a monster.

3. Is the Search for Knowledge Dangerous and Destructive?

Introduction: The pursuit of knowledge is a double-edged sword, as illustrated in “Frankenstein.” While it can lead to great advancements, it can also result in unforeseen consequences.

Victor’s Experience: Victor’s relentless quest for knowledge leads to his ruin. His desire to unlock the secrets of life results in the creation of a being that he cannot control, ultimately causing the destruction of his loved ones.

Broader Implications: The novel suggests that the pursuit of knowledge without ethical considerations can be dangerous. It raises questions about the limits of scientific exploration and the responsibilities of those who seek to push those boundaries.

4. Was Victor Frankenstein’s Creature Inherently Evil, or Did Society’s Rejection Turn Him into a Monster?

Introduction: The nature versus nurture debate is central to the character of the creature in “Frankenstein.”

Inherent Nature: Initially, the creature is not inherently evil. He shows a capacity for kindness and a desire for companionship. His early interactions with humans, such as saving a girl from drowning, demonstrate his benevolent nature.

Impact of Rejection: It is society’s rejection and mistreatment that transform the creature into a vengeful being. The constant fear and hostility he faces lead him to retaliate against those who wronged him, including Victor.

5. Should There Be Limits on Scientific Exploration? If So, What Should Those Limits Be?

Introduction: The ethical boundaries of scientific exploration are a significant theme in “Frankenstein.” The novel prompts readers to consider the potential consequences of pushing scientific limits.

Need for Limits: There should be limits on scientific exploration to prevent harm and ensure ethical standards. These limits should include considerations of potential risks, the welfare of living beings, and the broader impact on society.

Specific Limits:

Ethical Guidelines: Research should adhere to strict ethical guidelines to protect human and animal rights.

Regulatory Oversight: Independent regulatory bodies should oversee scientific research to ensure compliance with ethical standards.

Public Accountability: Scientists should be transparent about their work and its potential implications, allowing for public scrutiny and debate.